Table 4

Neonatal outcomes associated with live births of 37 and 38 weeks' gestation relative to singleton live births of 39–40 weeks' gestation

	Antibiotic use			Hypoglycaemia in the first 48 hours of life			Phototherapy in the first 72 hours of life			Transient tachypnoea of the newborn			Phototherapy after hospital discharge
	%	OR	AOR* (95% CI)	%	OR	AOR* (95% CI)	%	OR	AOR* (95% CI)	%	OR	AOR* (95% CI)	%	OR	AOR* (95% CI)
Spontaneous†
All
37 weeks (n=1219)	1.8	1.06	1.06 (0.63 to 1.77)	0.7	2.61	2.53 (1.09 to 5.89)	2.4	1.22	1.22 (0.75 to 1.99)	1.8	1.43	1.42 (0.88 to 2.28)	5.8	2.07	2.11 (1.42 to 3.13)
38 weeks (n=3213)	1.6	0.95	0.92 (0.57 to 1.48)	0.7	2.44	2.22 (0.99 to 4.95)	1.7	0.85	0.86 (0.61 to 1.22)	1.4	1.06	1.02 (0.62 to 1.70)	3.7	1.29	1.30 (0.93 to 1.84)
39/40 weeks (n=6178)	1.7		Reference	0.3		Reference	2.0		Reference	1.3		Reference	2.9		Reference
No maternal or fetal conditions
37 weeks (n=1027)	1.8	1.18	1.18 (0.66 to 2.12)	0.7	3.05	2.86 (1.11 to 7.46)	2.4	1.48	1.48 (0.88 to 2.51)	1.8	1.67	1.69 (0.95 to 3.00)	5.4	2.00	2.00 (1.26 to 3.15)
38 weeks (n=2743)	1.5	0.92	0.90 (0.53 to 1.52)	0.6	2.56	2.29 (0.85 to 6.21)	1.6	0.99	1.01 (0.69 to 1.46)	1.2	1.14	1.1 (0.64 to 1.9)	3.2	1.14	1.16 (0.77 to 1.73)
39/40 weeks (n=5195)	1.6		Reference	0.2		Reference	1.6		Reference	1.1		Reference	2.8		Reference
Maternal or fetal conditions‡
37 weeks (n=192)	1.4	0.61	0.66 (0.18 to 2.37)	0.8	1.52	2.04 (0.31 to 13.59)	2.6	0.66	0.63 (0.22 to 1.78)	1.8	0.79	0.78 (0.27 to 2.21)	8.2	2.53	3.12 (1.46 to 6.66)
38 weeks (n=470)	2.5	1.11	1.05 (0.45 to 2.46)	1.1	2.22	2.35 (0.39 to 14.04)	2.1	0.54	0.55 (0.22 to 1.37)	2.0	0.89	0.83 (0.29 to 2.38)	6.7	2.00	2.14 (1.08 to 4.25)
39/40 weeks (n=983)	2.2		Reference	0.5		Reference	3.8		Reference	2.2		Reference	3.4		Reference
Provider initiated
All
37 weeks (n=943)	3.1	1.55	1.68 (1.03 to 2.76)	1.1	5.41	5.54 (2.22 to 13.83)	5.6	3.47	3.44 (2.29 to 5.17)	3.4	2.01	2.07 (1.24 to 3.45)	5.9	1.53	1.53 (1.03 to 2.28)
38 weeks (n=2869)	2.2	1.10	1.23 (0.78 to 1.94)	1.0	4.52	4.88 (2.13 to 11.18)	3.3	2.01	2.01 (1.41 to 2.86)	1.9	1.12	1.13 (0.72 to 1.79)	5.6	1.43	1.43 (1.03 to 2.00)
39/40 weeks (n=4230)	2.1		Reference	0.2		Reference	1.7		Reference	1.7		Reference	4.0		Reference
No maternal or fetal conditions
37 weeks (n=538)	1.9	1.10	1.24 (0.63 to 2.44)	0.8	7.51	7.86 (1.95 to 31.71)	4.8	3.67	3.59 (1.95 to 6.60)	2.8	3.02	2.98 (1.57 to 5.65)	4.7	1.06	1.07 (0.62 to 1.85)
38 weeks (n=1980)	1.9	1.10	1.25 (0.72 to 2.18)	0.6	5.11	5.76 (1.63 to 20.32)	3.1	2.31	2.29 (1.49 to 3.53)	2.0	2.13	2.12 (1.00 to 4.48)	5.2	1.20	1.16 (0.81 to 1.67)
39/40 weeks (n=3069)	1.7		Reference	0.1		Reference	1.3		Reference	1.0		Reference	4.4		Reference
Maternal or fetal conditions‡
37 weeks (n=405)	4.9	1.64	1.65 (0.82 to 3.35)	1.6	3.27	3.47 (1.03 to 11.7)	6.7	2.73	2.78 (1.51 to 5.11)	4.2	1.12	1.17 (0.57 to 2.39)	7.4	2.75	2.91 (1.41 to 6.00)
38 weeks (n=889)	3.1	1.03	1.11 (0.51 to 2.43)	1.9	3.84	4.26 (1.2 to 15.14)	3.9	1.55	1.54 (0.86 to 2.75)	1.8	0.47	0.47 (0.27 to 0.82)	6.3	2.31	2.61 (1.43 to 4.79)
39/40 weeks (n=1161)	3.0		Reference	0.5		Reference	2.5		Reference	3.8		Reference	2.8		Reference

*Women with the following conditions: hypertensive disorders (chronic hypertension, pre-eclampsia and HELLP syndrome); eclampsia; pre-existing and gestational diabetes; renal, cardiac or autoimmune diseases; severe infection at admission for birth; placental abruption and placental praevia and fetuses with IUGR.
†Adjusted for capacity of hospital of birth, payment of birth, age, years of schooling, parity, previous caesarean section, history of stillbirth or neonatal death and mode of birth.
‡Spontaneous onset of labour or premature rupture of membranes.
AOR, adjusted OR; HELLP, haemolysis, elevated liver enzymes and low platelet count; IUGR, intraueterine growth restriction.