Outcome measures, separate RCT and PPT analyses
| Measure | Randomised cohort | Non-randomised cohort | ||||||||
| Inpatient Group 1 | Outpatient Group 2 | P value* | Inpatient Group 3 | Outpatient Group 4 | P value* | |||||
| n | n | n | n | |||||||
| Reduction in PUQE score, mean (SD) | ||||||||||
| 24 hours postpresentation | 32 | 5.2 (3.0) | 39 | 4.7 (2.6) | 0.483 | 44 | 4.4 (2.9) | 35 | 4.4 (3.5) | 0.953 |
| 48 hours postpresentation | 31 | 7.0 (3.1) | 38 | 7.3 (2.7) | 0.595 | 44 | 6.1 (3.7) | 33 | 5.7 (3.6) | 0.600 |
| 7 days postdischarge (compare discharge) | 31 | 5.7 (3.5) | 36 | 6.2 (4.1) | 0.608 | 30 | 4.9 (5.0) | 28 | 5.4 (4.1) | 0.686 |
| 7 days postdischarge (compare discharge) | 31 | −1.4 (3.7) | 36 | −1.5 (3.4) | 0.981 | 30 | −3.2 (4.1) | 28 | −1.5 (3.3) | 0.101 |
| Reduction in eating score, mean (SD) | ||||||||||
| 24 hours postpresentation | 32 | 1.3 (1.3) | 39 | 1.1 (1.1) | 0.353 | 44 | 1.0 (1.1) | 35 | 0.9 (1.1) | 0.695 |
| 48 hours postpresentation | 32 | 2.1 (1.2) | 38 | 1.9 (1.1) | 0.479 | 44 | 1.6 (1.4) | 33 | 1.6 (1.1) | 0.839 |
| 7 days postdischarge (compare presentation) | 31 | 1.8 (1.5) | 36 | 2.1 (1.3) | 0.376 | 30 | 1.4 (1.3) | 28 | 1.8 (1.3) | 0.223 |
| 7 days postdischarge (compare discharge) | 31 | −0.3 (1.3) | 36 | 0.2 (1.2) | 0.144 | 30 | −0.7 (1.2) | 28 | −0.2 (1.2) | 0.114 |
| Reduction in drinking score, mean (SD) | ||||||||||
| 24 hours postpresentation | 32 | 1.4 (1.3) | 39 | 1.3 (1.2) | 0.824 | 44 | 0.9 (1.2) | 35 | 0.7 (0.3) | 0.451 |
| 48 hours postpresentation | 32 | 2.1 (0.9) | 38 | 2.0 (1.1) | 0.969 | 44 | 1.4 (1.4) | 33 | 1.3 (1.1) | 0.921 |
| 7 days postdischarge (compare presentation) | 31 | 1.7 (1.3) | 36 | 2.2 (1.2) | 0.063 | 30 | 1.2 (1.6) | 28 | 1.8 (1.2) | 0.112 |
| 7 days postdischarge (compare discharge) | 31 | −0.4 (1.2) | 36 | 0.1 (1.2) | 0.075 | 30 | −0.6 (1.2) | 28 | 0.1 (1.3) | 0.040 |
| Reduction in drinking score, mean (SD) | ||||||||||
| 24 hours postpresentation | 32 | 1.4 (1.3) | 39 | 1.3 (1.2) | 0.824 | 44 | 0.9 (1.2) | 35 | 0.7 (0.3) | 0.451 |
| 48 hours postpresentation | 32 | 2.1 (0.9) | 38 | 2.0 (1.1) | 0.969 | 44 | 1.4 (1.4) | 33 | 1.3 (1.1) | 0.921 |
| 7 days postdischarge (compare presentation) | 31 | 1.7 (1.3) | 36 | 2.2 (1.2) | 0.063 | 30 | 1.2 (1.6) | 28 | 1.8 (1.2) | 0.112 |
| 7 days postdischarge (compare discharge) | 31 | −0.4 (1.2) | 36 | 0.1 (1.2) | 0.075 | 30 | −0.6 (1.2) | 28 | 0.1 (1.3) | 0.040 |
| Improvement in well-being rating, mean (SD) | ||||||||||
| 24 hours postpresentation | 32 | −3.9 (2.3) | 39 | −3.0 (2.3) | 0.120 | 44 | −2.7 (2.2) | 35 | −2.3 (2.4) | 0.476 |
| 48 hours postpresentation | 32 | −5.5 (2.9) | 38 | −4.6 (2.4) | 0.174 | 44 | −3.4 (3.2) | 33 | −4.4 (2.5) | 0.149 |
| 7 days postdischarge (compare presentation) | 31 | −4.7 (3.0) | 36 | −4.7 (2.9) | 0.983 | 30 | −3.4 (3.2) | 28 | −4.1 (2.3) | 0.348 |
| 7 days postdischarge (compare discharge) | 31 | 0.9 (2.3) | 36 | 0.2 (2.4) | 0.271 | 31 | 1.7 (3.0) | 28 | 0.6 (2.4) | 0.138 |
| Reduction in ketonuria, mean (SD) | ||||||||||
| 24 hours postpresentation | 32 | 2.4 (1.5) | 39 | 2.2 (1.3) | 0.600 | 44 | 1.3 (1.2) | 35 | 1.5 (1.3) | 0.616 |
| 48 hours postrecruitment | 22 | 3.1 (1.3) | 28 | 3.1 (1.3) | 0.958 | 40 | 2.6 (1.6) | 28 | 2.9 (1.4) | 0.487 |
| Change in weight (kg), mean (SD) | ||||||||||
| Presentation to 7 days postdischarge | 25 | −0.3 (3.0) | 29 | 0.7 (1.5) | 0.137 | 25 | 0.2 (2.5) | 21 | −1.1 (4.2) | 0.199 |
| Discharge to 7 days postdischarge | 25 | −0.9 (1.2) | 28 | −0.2 (1.5) | 0.101 | 24 | −0.3 (1.9) | 20 | −0.8 (1.7) | 0.300 |
| Duration of index presentation (days), median (IQR) | 32 | 2 (1) | 39 | 2 (1) | 0.087 | 43 | 2 (2) | 35 | 2 (1) | 0.394 |
| Reattendance within 7 days of discharge†, n (%) | 31 | 8 (25.8) | 37 | 10 (27.0) | 0.270 | 35 | 12 (34.3) | 34 | 8 (23.5) | 0.325 |
| Repeat treatment within 7 days of discharge‡, n (%) | 31 | 8 (25.8) | 37 | 9 (24.3) | 0.243 | 35 | 10 (28.6) | 34 | 6 (17.6) | 0.282 |
| Still taking antiemetics at 7 days postdischarge, n (%) | 30 | 29 (96.7) | 36 | 31 (86.1) | 0.137 | 29 | 28 (96.7) | 28 | 20 (71.4) | 0.009 |
Group 1=randomised inpatient, group 2=randomised outpatient (ambulatory), group 3=non randomised inpatient and group 4=non randomised outpatient (ambulatory).
*Comparisons between inpatient treatment and outpatient therapy were evaluated using χ2 test for categorical variables, t-test for scores/ratings, reduction in ketonuria and change in weight and Wilcoxon rank-sum test for duration of index presentation as distribution was positively skewed.
†Reattendance to emergency department within 7 days following discharge.
‡Repeat inpatient/outpatient treatment within 7 days following discharge.
PPT, patient preference trial; PUQE, Pregnancy Unique Quantification of Emesis; RCT, randomised control trial.