Multivariable regression of plant-based diet pattern (as a categorical measure) and birth weight stratified by ethnicity: white European and South Asians
| Variables | White Europeans | South Asians | ||
| β | P value | β | P value | |
| Intercept | −5001.5 | <0.001 | −2482.3 | <0.001 |
| Prepregnancy weight (kg) | 4.1 | <0.001 | 6.8 | <0.001 |
| Maternal height (cm) | 9.4 | <0.001 | ns | ns |
| Parity (number of children) | 77.1 | <0.001 | ns | ns |
| Gestational age (weeks) | 168.6 | <0.001 | 135.6 | <0.001 |
| Smoking status | ns | ns | ns | ns |
| Infant sex (female=1) | −130.4 | <0.001 | −122.8 | 0.002 |
| Plant-based (fourth vs first quartile) | −81.2 | 0.002 | 70.5 | 0.07 |
White European r2=0.246, South Asian r2=0.155. The same covariates were included for each ethnic-specific model, but non-significant covariates (eg, ‘smoking’ in South Asians) were removed in the final model (denoted as ‘ns’). Smoking status was coded as follows: 0=never smoked, 1=quit smoking prepregnancy, 2=quit smoking during pregnancy or 3=currently smoking. Parity was reported as having 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 or 6 (or more) children. White Europeans (n=2367) and South Asians (n=884).