Major theme	Patient–provider relationships, with respect to dynamics, power and decision making, shifted in parallel to the rule change
Subthemes	The rule change shifted power and privilege that disempowered patients
	Providers found the law effective in supporting their need to change pain management and lower prescriptions
	Patients perceive themselves as being objectified by providers
	The objectivity of the rule and accompanying testing changed the patient from a person in pain to a public health problem that needed to be objectively addressed
	The law overshadows caring for patients
	Patients experienced disenfranchisement that adversely impacted their trust of their doctors

CPP, chronic pain patient; PO, prescription opioid; QOL, quality of life.