Variables | HR | 95% CI | p Value |
Body mass index group* | |||
Underweight | 1.02 | 0.53 to 1.95 | 0.952 |
Overweight | 0.71 | 0.55 to 0.90 | 0.005 |
Obese | 0.78 | 0.61 to 1.01 | 0.056 |
Male gender | 0.74 | 0.59 to 0.93 | 0.011 |
Age >60 years | 2.08 | 1.70 to 2.54 | <0.001 |
Diabetes mellitus | 1.40 | 1.13 to 1.73 | 0.002 |
Dyslipidemia | 0.72 | 0.58 to 0.89 | 0.003 |
Acute coronary syndrome | 2.04 | 1.68 to 2.48 | <0.001 |
Heart failure | 1.74 | 1.24 to 2.44 | 0.002 |
Chronic renal failure | 3.45 | 2.71 to 4.39 | <0.001 |
Ethnicity† | |||
Chinese | 0.67 | 0.52 to 0.87 | 0.002 |
Indian | 0.71 | 0.55 to 0.92 | 0.009 |
The HRs were adjusted for gender, age group, ethnicity, diabetes, hypertension, dyslipidemia, smoking status, previous myocardial infarction, heart failure, cerebrovascular disease, renal impairment, previous coronary artery bypass graft and acute coronary syndrome.
*Normal body mass index group was the reference body mass index group.
†Malay ethnicity was the reference ethnic group.