Comparison of primary care physicians’ (PCP) responses to questions about familial hypercholesterolaemia (FH) awareness, knowledge, practices and preferences with the UK as the reference group using logistic regression analyses; OR (95% CI) shown
| Country/region | Australia | Japan | Malaysia | South Korea | Philippines | Hong Kong | China | Vietnam | Taiwan |
| Awareness | |||||||||
| Familiarity of FH rated as above average | 0.73 (0.43 to 1.24) | 0.47 (0.28 to 0.79)* | 0.95 (0.58 to 1.55) | 0.61 (0.33 to 1.11) | 0.80 (0.41 to 1.55) | 1.56 (0.81 to 3.01) | 0.46 (0.25 to 0.83)* | 1.52 (0.90 to 2.57) | 1.41 (0.66 to 2.99) |
| Awareness about FH guidelines | 0.34 (0.21 to 0.61)** | 0.58 (0.36 to 0.95)* | 0.35 (0.22 to 0.58)** | 0.34 (0.19 to 0.61)** | N/A | 0.49 (0.26 to 0.95)* | 0.05 (0.02 to 0.12)** | 0.25 (0.14 to 0.43)** | 0.72 (0.34 to 1.53) |
| Awareness about lipid specialists | 1.03 (0.62 to 1.71) | 0.5 (0.30 to 0.82)* | 0.51 (0.31 to 0.83)* | 0.43 (0.24 to 0.78)* | 0.44 (0.23 to 0.86)* | 0.68 (0.35 to 1.31) | 0.14 (0.07 to 0.27)** | 0.64 (0.37 to 1.11) | 1.33 (0.61 to 2.90) |
| Knowledge | |||||||||
| Correctly described FH | 0.33 (0.16 to 0.68)* | 0.42 (0.21 to 0.86)* | 0.78 (0.37 to 1.62) | 0.13 (0.06 to 0.28)** | 0.34 (0.15 to 0.78)* | 0.21 (0.09 to 0.48)** | 0.38 (0.18 to 0.82)* | 0.24 (0.12 to 0.50)** | 0.19 (0.07 to 0.50)* |
| Correctly identified lipid profile | 0.52 (0.30 to 0.90)* | 2.06 (1.12 to 3.77)* | 0.65 (0.38 to 1.10) | 0.47 (0.26 to 0.85)* | 0.33 (0.17 to 0.65)* | 0.37 (0.18 to 0.65)* | 2.07 (1.05 to 4.10)* | 0.29 (0.16 to 0.51)** | 0.55 (0.25 to 1.20) |
| Correctly identified prevalence of FH in the community | 0.80 (0.46 to 1.41) | 1.60 (0.96 to 2.69) | 0.73 (0.43 to 1.25) | 0.54 (0.27 to 1.06) | 0.44 (0.20 to 0.99) | 0.28 (0.11 to 0.71)* | 0.49 (0.25 to 0.93)* | 0.38 (0.20 to 0.73)* | 0.97 (0.43 to 2.22) |
| Correctly identified the transmission rate of FH to first-degree relatives | 0.74 (0.44 to 1.23) | 0.63 (0.39 to 1.03) | 0.91 (0.56 to 1.48) | 0.70 (0.38 to 1.27) | 0.57 (0.30 to 1.08) | 0.92 (0.46 to 1.84) | 0.54 (0.31 to 0.93)* | 0.34 (0.19 to 0.59)** | 1.52 (0.68 to 3.46) |
| Correctly identified the cardiovascular disease risk in untreated patients with FH | 0.97 (0.46 to 2.02) | 0.90 (0.44 to 1.83) | 0.59 (0.28 to 1.22) | 0.56 (0.22 to 1.40) | 0.66 (0.24 to 1.81) | 0.46 (0.14 to 1.48) | 0.28 (0.10 to 0.81)* | 0.15 (0.04 to 0.52)* | 0.34 (0.07 to 1.58) |
| Correctly identified that genetic testing was not required to accurately diagnose FH | 0.91 (0.55 to 1.51) | 1.00 (0.61 to 1.62) | 0.83 (0.51 to 1.33) | 1.63 (0.92 to 2.90) | 1.94 (1.00 to 3.76) | 0.56 (0.29 to 1.09) | 0.56 (0.33 to 0.97)* | 1.28 (0.76 to 2.17) | 0.30 (0.13 to 0.96)* |
| Selected statins to best treat hypercholesterolaemia | 0.50 (0.19 to 1.32) | 0.37 (0.15 to 0.92)* | 1.68 (0.57 to 4.99) | 0.56 (0.19 to 1.59) | 1.26 (0.30 to 5.21) | 0.88 (0.24 to 3.25) | 1.19 (0.37 to 3.82) | 0.19 (0.08 to 0.48)* | 0.74 (0.18 to 3.14) |
| Selected a combination of statin and ezetimibe to treat severe hypercholesterolaemia | 1.75 (1.04 to 2.92)* | 0.91 (0.56 to 1.48) | 1.26 (0.78 to 2.02) | 2.34 (1.31 to 4.21)* | 0.94 (0.50 to 1.77) | 0.97 (0.51 to 1.84) | 3.37 (1.88 to 6.03)** | 0.46 (0.27 to 0.78)* | 1.71 (0.80 to 3.69) |
| Practice | |||||||||
| Screened patients with premature coronary artery disease for family history | 1.57 (0.63 to 3.91) | 0.53 (0.25 to 1.23) | 2.10 (0.86 to 5.12) | 0.87 (0.35 to 2.15) | 1.27 (0.41 to 3.90) | 2.07 (0.55 to 7.86) | 1.76 (0.65 to 4.81) | 0.61 (0.28 to 1.37) | 2.00 (0.42 to 9.58) |
| Performed routine family screening of patients with FH (if there were patients with FH under their care) | 2.25 (0.81 to 6.22) | 0.16 (0.06 to 0.40)** | 1.75 (0.65 to 4.70) | 0.38 (0.14 to 1.04) | 0.43 (0.17 to 1.06) | 3.38 (0.93 to 12.21) | 0.34 (0.10 to 1.10) | 1.88 (0.34 to 10.27) | 1.23 (0.39 to 3.86) |
| Selected 13–18 years as most appropriate for screening young people in a kindred with FH | 1.32 (0.79 to 2.21) | 0.27 (0.16 to 0.47)** | 1.30 (0.81 to 2.10) | 1.42 (0.81 to 2.51) | 1.28 (0.68 to 2.42) | 1.12 (0.58 to 2.15) | 0.23 (0.12 to 0.43)** | 0.59 (0.34 to 1.02) | 0.30 (0.12 to 0.75)* |
| Have referred patients with FH to a lipid specialists (if aware of lipid specialist) | 0.75 (0.34 to 1.64) | 0.14 (0.06 to 0.32)** | 0.42 (0.20 to 0.91)* | 0.52 (0.20 to 1.37) | 0.18 (0.06 to 0.57)* | 2.33 (0.59 to 9.18) | 2.33(0.46 to 11.78) | 0.37 (0.15 to 0.88)* | 1 |
| Preference | |||||||||
| Selected PCPs as the most effective healthcare provider for the early detection of FH | 0.89 (0.46 to 1.69) | 0.18 (0.10 to 0.32)** | 2.61 (1.28 to 5.31)* | 0.54 (0.28 to 1.06) | 0.30 (0.15 to 0.62)* | 0.71 (0.32 to 1.55) | 0.02 (0.01 to 0.05)** | 0.07 (0.04 to 0.13)** | 0.22 (0.10 to 0.50)** |
| Selected interpretive commenting on lipid profiles to highlight patients at risk of FH | 1.15 (0.52 to 2.55) | 0.18 (0.09 to 0.35)* | 1.52 (0.70 to 3.30)** | 0.69 (0.31 to 1.55) | 1.55 (0.52 to 4.65) | 0.76 (0.30 to 1.92) | 0.81 (0.37 to 1.79) | 0.36 (0.17 to 0.72)* | 1.16 (0.35 to 3.84) |
*p<0.05, **p<0.001.
N/A, question was not asked.
Pink significantly less than the UK.
Blue significantly more than the UK.