Associations of perceived interparental relationship, family harmony, family happiness and family relationship with smoking intention in primary students
| n | (%) | Intention to smoke, % | OR (95% CI) | ||
| Crude† | Adjusted‡ | ||||
| Perceived interparental relationship | |||||
| Very good | 5839 | (38.2) | 2.4 | 1 | 1 |
| Good | 4924 | (32.2) | 4.9 | 2.11 (1.54 to 2.91)** | 1.82 (1.33 to 2.51)** |
| Fair | 3228 | (21.1) | 7.1 | 3.17 (2.23 to 4.50)** | 2.82 (1.96 to 4.05)** |
| Bad | 710 | (4.7) | 8.1 | 3.64 (1.86 to 7.15)** | 3.38 (1.68 to 6.83)* |
| Very bad | 587 | (3.8) | 8.5 | 3.87 (2.19 to 6.84)** | 3.67 (1.91 to 7.05)** |
| Per category increase | – | – | 1.45 (1.31 to 1.61)** | 1.44 (1.27 to 1.64)** | |
| Perceived family harmony | |||||
| Very good | 6143 | (39.2) | 1.8 | 1 | 1 |
| Good | 5642 | (36.0) | 5.3 | 3.05 (2.20 to 4.24)** | 2.74 (1.96 to 3.83)** |
| Fair | 2759 | (17.6) | 7.9 | 4.75 (3.31 to 6.82)** | 4.19 (2.86 to 6.14)** |
| Bad | 538 | (3.4) | 13.8 | 8.83 (5.33 to 14.6)** | 7.71 (4.38 to 13.6)** |
| Very bad | 578 | (3.7) | 6.6 | 3.89 (2.37 to 6.37)** | 3.78 (2.33 to 6.15)** |
| Per category increase | – | – | 1.56 (1.44 to 1.70)** | 1.53 (1.39 to 1.69)** | |
| Perceived family happiness | |||||
| Very happy | 6508 | (41.8) | 2.0 | 1 | 1 |
| Happy | 7930 | (51.0) | 6.1 | 3.25 (2.39 to 4.42)** | 2.84 (2.11 to 3.81)** |
| Not very happy | 893 | (5.7) | 11.3 | 6.36 (4.26 to 9.51)** | 5.40 (3.41 to 8.55)** |
| Not happy at all | 233 | (1.5) | 7.8 | 4.22 (2.36 to 7.55)** | 3.96 (2.16 to 7.26)** |
| Per category increase | – | – | 2.06 (1.82 to 2.33)** | 1.96 (1.68 to 2.27)** | |
| Number of poor family relationship factors | |||||
| 0 | 9343 | (61.9) | 3.1 | 1 | 1 |
| 1 | 3085 | (20.4) | 5.4 | 1.77 (1.29 to 2.43)* | 1.80 (1.31 to 2.49)** |
| 2 | 1871 | (12.4) | 7.8 | 2.61 (1.83 to 3.73)** | 2.50 (1.68 to 3.73)** |
| 3 | 799 | (5.3) | 12.2 | 4.30 (2.93 to 6.30)** | 3.95 (2.49 to 6.28)** |
| Per number increase | – | – | 1.62 (1.43 to 1.84)** | 1.58 (1.36 to 1.84)** | |
Data were weighted by age, sex and grade; may not add up to 100% due to rounding.
†Adjusted for school clustering effect only.
‡Adjusted additionally for age, sex, perceived family affluence, family structure, parental smoking and sibling smoking.
*p<0.01.
**p<0.001.