Mean (SD) household costs for an episode of illness
| Rural | Urban | Total | |||
| Inpatient | Outpatient | Inpatient | Outpatient | ||
| Direct medical expenses prior to index visit | $0.21 ($0.72) | $0.08 ($0.58) | $0.98 ($3.92) | $0.71 ($1.55) | $0.77 ($3.13) |
| Direct medical expenses of index visit | $8.61 ($9.62) | $0.24 ($0.68) | $10.69 ($10.66) | $5.85 ($10.21) | $7.31 ($10.17) |
| Transportation to and subsistence at index visit | $4.38 ($5.28) | $0.51 ($0.54) | $2.68 ($3.00) | $0.45 ($1.91) | $2.04 ($2.83) |
| Lost income due to index visit | $4.13 ($9.62) | $0.50 ($0.68) | $8.06 ($10.66) | $6.22 ($10.22) | $6.36 ($10.17) |
| Direct medical expenses after index visit | $0.87 ($2.10) | $0.38 ($1.66) | $0.21 ($2.41) | $0.16 ($1.19) | $0.26 ($2.02) |
| Total household costs | $19.16 ($19.30) | $1.81 ($2.58) | $25.36 ($20.47) | $15.48 ($20.75) | $19.32 ($20.66) |