Clinical characteristics of patients with CVD (n=346)
| Variables | All | IAH (n=33) | Non-IAH (n=313) | p Value |
| Age (years) | 67 (58–78) | 65 (55–73) | 67 (58–78) | 0.33 |
| Male | 192 (55.5) | 21 (63.64) | 171 (54.63) | 0.322 |
| Type of CVD | 0.49 | |||
| Subarachnoid haemorrhage | 93 (26.9) | 11 (33.33) | 82 (26.2) | |
| Cerebral haemorrhage | 159 (46.0) | 12 (36.36) | 147 (46.96) | |
| Ischaemic stroke | 94 (27.2) | 10 (30.3) | 84 (26.84) | |
| Physical examination | ||||
| Body mass index (kg/m2) | 21.5 (18.8–24.4) | 23.7 (21.1–26) | 21.3 (18.8–24.3) | 0.15 |
| Systolic blood pressure (mm Hg) | 168 (146–195) | 159 (135–212) | 169 (147–193) | 0.93 |
| Pulse rate (per minute) | 81 (71.5–96) | 96 (81–109) | 80 (71–93) | <0.001 |
| Body temperature (°C) | 36.6 (36.2–37) | 36.7 (36.2–37) | 36.6 (36.2–37) | 0.82 |
| GCS score on admission | 13 (10–15) | 6 (4–13) | 14 (11–15) | <0.001 |
| APACHE-II score on admission | 11 (8–16) | 18 (12–22) | 10 (7–15) | <0.001 |
| Modified Rankin Scale score on admission | 4 (3–5) | 5 (4–5) | 4 (3–5) | <0.001 |
| Favourable neurological condition* | 176 (50.9) | 4 (12.1) | 172 (55.0) | <0.001 |
| Laboratory data on admission | ||||
| Na | 142 (140–143) | 142 (141–144) | 142 (140–143) | 0.37 |
| K | 3.8 (3.5–4.2) | 3.7 (3.3–4.1) | 3.8 (3.6–4.2) | 0.11 |
| FBS | 140.5 (117–178) | 152 (124–190) | 138 (116–176) | 0.077 |
| BUN | 15 (12–19) | 15 (12–20) | 15 (12–19) | 0.71 |
| Cr | 0.74 (0.6–0.91) | 0.75 (0.66–0.94) | 0.74 (0.6–0.9) | 0.23 |
| Maximum sodium in ICU (mEq/L) | 143 (141–145) | 154 (151–156) | 143 (141–145) | <0.001 |
| Minimum sodium in ICU (mEq/L) | 141 (139–142) | 141 (139–144) | 141 (139–142) | 0.29 |
| AKI on admission | 25 (7.2) | 5 (15.2) | 20 (6.4) | 0.064 |
| Surgery prior to ICU admission | 0.047 | |||
| Elective surgery | 4 (1.2) | 0 (0) | 4 (1.3) | |
| Emergency surgery | 104 (30.1) | 16 (48.5) | 88 (28.1) | |
| Renal replacement therapy | 3 (0.9) | 0 (0) | 3 (1.0) | 0.57 |
| Mechanical ventilation | 99 (28.6) | 27 (81.8) | 72 (23.0) | <0.001 |
| Length of ICU admissions (days) | 4 (3–6) | 8 (5–13) | 4 (3–5) | <0.001 |
| Modified Rankin Scale at discharge | 3 (2–4) | 5 (4–6) | 3 (2–4) | <0.001 |
| All-cause hospital mortality | 29 (8.4) | 14 (42.4) | 15 (4.8) | <0.001 |
| All-cause 28-day mortality | 28 (8.1) | 13 (39.4) | 15 (4.8) | <0.001 |
Continuous data are median (IQR). Categorical data are n (%).
*A score of ≤3 indicates favourable neurological function.
AKI, acute kidney injury; APACHE, Acute Physiology And Chronic Health Evaluation; CVD, cerebrovascular disease; GCS, Glasgow Coma Scale; ICU, intensive care unit.