Patient preferences and valuation of venous thromboembolism prophylaxis attributes
| Attribute | Level | Marginal utility | 95% CI | WTP | p Value |
| Route | Oral tablet | 0.16 | 0.11 to 0.21 | $117.45 | <0.0001 |
| Subcutaneous injection | −0.16 | −0.21 to −0.11 | – | – | |
| Side effects | Bruising on leg | −0.04 | −0.11 to 0.02 | -$45.94 | 0.11 |
| Stomach pain | −0.04 | −0.12 to 0.04 | -$44.08 | – | |
| No side effects | 0.08 | 0.003 to 0.16 | $45.08 | – | |
| Bleeding complications requiring transfusion | Reduce risk by 1% | 0.05 | 0.04 to 0.05 | $16.83 | <0.0001 |
| Wound complications requiring another surgery | Reduce risk by 1% | 0.07 | 0.06 to 0.08 | $25.91 | <0.0001 |
| Blood clot requiring long-term medication | Reduce risk by 1% | 0.25 | 0.15 to 0.36 | $92.29 | <0.0001 |
| Death due to PE | Reduce risk by 1% | 4.57 | 3.26 to 5.89 | $1686.90 | <0.0001 |
| Cost | $10 increase | −0.03 | −0.04 to −0.02 | Reference | <0.0001 |
Marginal utility quantifies the additional satisfaction gained by the patient for each described attribute/level. Negative marginal utility values signify an aversion to or dissatisfaction with the described attribute/level. All risk reductions are absolute. Willingness to pay for the route and side effect category is based on the full treatment course, not per dose. Willingness to pay for all other attributes is based on the incremental change in level.
PE , pulmonary embolism; WTP, willingness to pay.