The estimated associations across each job stressor, psychological distress (Kessler 6 ≥ 5) and work-to-family conflict (WFC) among women (n=1560)*
| Model | Model 1 | Model 2 | Model 3 | Mediating effect of WFC† | |||||
| Dependent variable | Psychological distress at 2-year follow-up | WFC (high) at 1-year follow-up | Psychological distress at 2-year follow-up | ||||||
| OR | (95% CI) | OR | (95% CI) | OR | (95% CI) | % | (95% CI)‡ | (99.375% CI)‡§ | |
| Explanatory variables | |||||||||
| Job demands (high) | 1.71*** | (1.38 to 2.13) | 2.72*** | (2.16 to 3.44) | 1.38** | (1.10 to 1.74) | 47.5 | (22.5 to 72.6) | (13.8 to 81.3) |
| WFC (high) | 3.20*** | (2.50 to 40.9) | |||||||
| Job control (low) | 1.21 | (0.94 to 1.57) | 0.79 | (0.61 to 1.02) | 1.32†† | (1.01 to 1.72) | |||
| WFC (high) | 3.48*** | (2.73 to 4.43) | |||||||
| Job strain (high) | 1.85*** | (1.47 to 2.31) | 2.20*** | (1.72 to 2.81) | 1.59*** | (1.26 to 2.00) | 33.6 | (17.2 to 49.9) | (12.0 to 55.2) |
| WFC (high) | 3.20*** | (2.51 to 4.09) | |||||||
| Effort (high) | 1.55*** | (1.24 to 1.93) | 3.00*** | (2.37 to 3.80) | 1.20 | (0.95 to 1.52) | 64.0 | (24.3 to 100.0) | (10.1 to 100.0) |
| WFC (high) | 3.27*** | (2.56 to 4.20) | |||||||
| Reward (low) | 2.14*** | (1.70 to 2.68) | 1.82*** | (1.43 to 2.32) | 1.94*** | (1.53 to 2.44) | 21.3 | (10.7 to 32.0) | (7.0 to 35.7) |
| WFC (high) | 3.21*** | (2.52 to 4.10) | |||||||
| Effort–reward imbalance (high) | 1.84*** | (1.48 to 2.28) | 2.70*** | (2.14 to 3.41) | 1.50*** | (1.20 to 1.88) | 41.3 | (22.4 to 60.2) | (15.7 to 66.9) |
| WFC (high) | 3.15*** | (2.46 to 4.02) | |||||||
| Procedural justice (low) | 1.80*** | (1.45 to 2.23) | 2.08*** | (1.64 to 2.63) | 1.57*** | (1.25 to 1.96) | 32.7 | (17.2 to 48.2) | (11.3 to 54.1) |
| WFC (high) | 3.21*** | (2.52 to 4.10) | |||||||
| Interactional justice (low) | 1.71*** | (1.37 to 2.13) | 1.52*** | (1.20 to 1.92) | 1.59*** | (1.27 to 2.00) | 21.8 | (7.7 to 35.9) | (8.1 to 35.4) |
| WFC (high) | 3.31*** | (2.60 to 4.22) | |||||||
***p<0.001, **p<0.01, ††p<0.05.
*Adjusted for age, educational attainment, job types, hours worked per week, household income, having one or more family members to share living expenses and firm codes.
†Proportion of the association between each job stressor and psychological distress mediated by WFC.
‡Obtained by bootstrap estimation with 2000 replications.
§Corresponding to the Bonferroni-corrected alpha level, 0.625% (=5%/8).