Table 4

Multivariate linear mixed model for the independent association between treatment satisfaction and factors (n=1984)

Factor	β	95% CI	p Value
Age (1 year increase)	0.02	−0.01 to 0.05	0.181
Sex	−0.33	−0.85 to 0.19	0.212
Diabetes duration (1 year increase)	0.00	−0.03 to 0.04	0.791
Microvascular complications	−0.22	−0.77 to 0.32	0.426
Macrovascular complications	0.76	0.21 to 1.31	0.007
Current smoking	0.51	−0.29 to 1.30	0.211
Diabetes education	1.64	0.95 to 2.32	<0.001
Health status (EQ-5D-VAS) (1 unit increase*)	0.08	0.07 to 0.10	<0.001
DTSQ2: perceived hyperglycaemia (1 unit increase†)	−0.32	−0.50 to −0.13	0.001
DTSQ3: perceived hypoglycaemia (1 unit increase†)	−0.24	−0.61 to 0.13	0.176
Body mass index (kg/m²) (1 unit increase)	0.03	−0.02 to 0.08	0.181
Systolic blood pressure (mm Hg) (1 unit increase)	0.00	−0.02 to 0.01	0.571
HbA1c (%) (1 unit increase)	−0.52	−0.75 to −0.29	<0.001
HbA1c (mmol/mol) (1 unit increase)	−0.05	−0.07 to −0.03	<0.001
Fasting plasma glucose (mmol/L) (1 unit increase)	−0.09	−0.24 to 0.06	0.214
Total cholesterol (mmol/L) (1 unit increase)	−0.13	−0.52 to 0.26	0.513
LDL cholesterol (mmol/L) (1 unit increase)	0.19	−0.31 to 0.69	0.448
Injection frequency (1 unit increase‡)	0.24	−0.36 to 0.84	0.401

Reference categories: sex = women; microvascular complications = no; macrovascular complications = no; smoking = no; diabetes education = no.
*On a 0–100 scale.
†On a seven-point Likert scale.
‡On a five-point Likert scale.
β, regression coefficient; DTSQ, Diabetes Treatment Satisfaction Questionnaire; EQ-5D-VAS, EuroQol Five Dimensions Questionnaire Visual Analogue Scale; FPG, fasting plasma glucose; HbA1c, glycated haemoglobin; LDL, low-density lipoprotein; ref., reference category; SBP, systolic blood pressure.