Former smoking prevalence ratios (PRs) (95% CI) among men and women of different educational levels and occupation-related SES within each ethnic group
| Indicator of SES | Dutch | South-Asian Surinamese | African Surinamese | Turkish | Moroccan | Ghanaian |
| PR (95% CI)* | PR (95% CI)* | PR (95% CI)* | PR (95% CI)* | PR (95% CI)* | PR (95% CI)* | |
| Men | ||||||
| Education | ||||||
| Higher vocational school/university | 1.28 (1.14 to 1.45) | 1.84 (1.44 to 2.37) | 1.38 (1.12 to 1.69) | 1.54 (1.27 to 1.87) | 1.16 (0.95 to 1.41) | 1.38 (1.05 to 1.82) |
| Intermediate vocational/higher secondary | 1.19 (1.04 to 1.37) | 1.09 (0.82 to 1.44) | 0.97 (0.80 to 1.19) | 1.12 (0.94 to 1.34) | 1.02 (0.88 to 1.19) | 1.09 (0.84 to 1.41) |
| Lower vocational and below | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| Occupation-related SES | ||||||
| Unemployed | 0.71 (0.56 to 0.89) | 0.59 (0.41 to 0.86) | 0.58 (0.44 to 0.76) | 0.85 (0.67 to 1.08) | 0.77 (0.61 to 0.96) | 0.66 (0.47 to 0.91) |
| Not in the working force† | 1.02 (0.91 to 1.14) | 0.91 (0.64 to 1.31) | 0.81 (0.62 to 1.07) | 0.89 (0.60 to 1.32) | 0.99 (0.75 to 1.29) | 0.65 (0.36 to 1.15) |
| Incapacitated‡ | 0.83 (0.63 to 1.09) | 0.79 (0.52 to 1.17) | 0.68 (0.48 to 0.97) | 0.96 (0.74 to 1.23) | 0.88 (0.70 to 1.09) | 0.77 (0.51 to 1.18) |
| Employed at elementary/lower occupational level | 0.82 (0.69 to 0.98) | 0.57 (0.43 to 0.76) | 0.72 (0.58 to 0.89) | 0.85 (0.70 to 1.03) | 0.93 (0.78 to 1.11) | 0.63 (0.47 to 0.84) |
| Employed at middle to graduate occupational level | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| Women | ||||||
| Education | ||||||
| Higher vocational school/university | 1.71 (1.52 to 1.93) | 1.99 (1.33 to 2.31) | 1.31 (1.10 to 1.55) | 1.73 (1.33 to 2.25) | 1.09 (0.71 to 1.66) | 0.72 (0.36 to 1.41) |
| Intermediate vocational/higher secondary | 1.41 (1.21 to 1.62) | 1.75 (1.33 to 2.31) | 1.18 (1.00 to 1.38) | 1.21 (0.95 to 1.56) | 1.12 (0.78 to 1.61) | 1.28 (0.98 to 1.65) |
| Lower vocational and below | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| Occupation-related SES | ||||||
| Unemployed | 0.89 (0.73 to 1.08) | 0.62 (0.44 to 0.88) | 0.73 (0.58 to 0.92) | 0.66 (0.48 to 0.91) | 0.97 (0.61 to 1.53) | 0.95 (0.60 to 1.51) |
| Not in the working force† | 0.92 (0.83 to 1.03) | 0.77 (0.55 to 1.07) | 0.98 (0.79 to 1.20) | 0.54 (0.40 to 0.73) | 1.02 (0.64 to 1.62) | 0.52 (0.22 to 1.22) |
| Incapacitated‡ | 0.86 (0.69 to 1.08) | 0.57 (0.38 to 0.87) | 0.85 (0.69 to 1.05) | 0.65 (0.45 to 0.96) | 1.20 (0.75 to 1.91) | 0.97 (0.55 to 1.71) |
| Employed at elementary/lower occupational level | 0.76 (0.65 to 0.89) | 0.48 (0.32 to 0.73) | 0.76 (0.61 to 0.94) | 0.60 (0.43 to 0.82) | 0.84 (0.49 to 1.44) | 1.07 (0.69 to 1.66) |
| Employed at middle to graduate occupational level | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
*PR adjusted for age and marital status.
†Retired or student or full-time homeworker.
‡Disabled or unfit for work.
PR, prevalence ratios; SES, socioeconomic status.