Current smoking PRs (95% CI) among men and women of different educational levels and occupation-related SES within each ethnic group
| Indicator of SES | Dutch | South-Asian Surinamese | African Surinamese | Turkish | Moroccan | Ghanaian |
| PR (95% CI)* | PR (95% CI)* | PR (95% CI)* | PR (95% CI)* | PR (95% CI)* | PR (95% CI)* | |
| Men | ||||||
| Education | ||||||
| Higher vocational school/university | 0.57 (0.47 to 0.69) | 0.44 (0.36 to 0.53) | 0.65 (0.55 to 0.78) | 0.50 (0.41 to 0.62) | 0.62 (0.49 to 0.80) | 0.28 (0.07 to 1.19) |
| Intermediate vocational/higher secondary | 0.57 (0.57 to 0.87) | 0.69 (0.61 to 0.80) | 0.92 (0.82 to 1.03) | 0.83 (0.73 to 0.94) | 0.83 (0.70 to 0.99) | 0.78 (0.46 to 1.33) |
| Lower vocational and below | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| Occupation-related SES | ||||||
| Unemployed | 1.91 (1.53 to 2.38) | 1.69 (1.43 to 1.99) | 1.58 (1.35 to 1.85) | 1.32 (1.11 to 1.56) | 1.81 (1.46 to 2.26) | 5.10 (1.17 to 22.30) |
| Not in the working force† | 1.11 (0.87 to 1.42) | 0.99 (0.76 to 1.29) | 1.22 (0.96 to 1.54) | 0.73 (0.53 to 1.02) | 0.60 (0.36 to 1.01) | 2.37 (0.37 to 15.33) |
| Incapacitated‡ | 1.58 (1.10 to 2.30) | 1.30 (1.02 to 1.65) | 1.48 (1.21 to 1.81) | 1.11 (0.88 to 1.41) | 1.49 (1.11 to 2.00) | 4.34 (0.83 to 22.77) |
| Employed at elementary/lower occupational level | 1.50 (1.20 to 1.87) | 1.57 (1.34 to 1.84) | 1.32 (1.13 to 1.53) | 1.27 (1.10 to 1.46) | 1.33 (1.07 to 1.64) | 3.37 (0.79 to 14.37) |
| Employed at middle to graduate occupational level | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| Women | ||||||
| Education | ||||||
| Higher vocational school/university | 0.39 (0.33 to 0.46) | 0.61 (0.47 to 0.80) | 0.58 (0.48 to 0.70) | 0.72 (0.56 to 0.91) | 0.87 (0.53 to 1.45) | 6.02 (2.23 to 16.25) |
| Intermediate vocational/higher secondary | 0.60 (0.50 to 0.73) | 0.87 (0.70 to 1.08) | 0.75 (0.65 to 0.87) | 1.01 (0.87 to 1.17) | 0.90 (0.59 to 1.37) | 0.56 (0.19 to 1.62) |
| Lower vocational and below | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| Occupation-related SES | ||||||
| Unemployed | 1.27 (0.96 to 1.67) | 1.66 (1.30, 2.12) | 1.54 (1.29 to 1.84) | 1.16 (0.94 to 1.43) | 1.42 (0.90 to 2.22) | 0.70 (0.18 to 2.68) |
| Not in the working force† | 1.09 (0.86 to 1.38) | 1.04 (0.74 to 1.45) | 1.11 (0.86 to 1.45) | 1.03 (0.85 to 1.25) | 0.86 (0.53 to 1.39) | 1.44 (0.33 to 6.25) |
| Incapacitated‡ | 1.38 (1.01 to 1.90) | 1.82 (1.34 to 2.47) | 1.47 (1.17 to 1.84) | 1.22 (0.95 to 1.56) | 1.40 (0.77 to 2.57) | 0.76 (0.17 to 3.49) |
| Employed at elementary/lower occupational level | 1.69 (1.39 to 2.07) | 1.23 (0.94 to 1.61) | 1.34 (1.11 to 1.62) | 1.29 (1.06 to 1.57) | 1.22 (0.75 to 1.99) | 0.44 (0.12 to 1.67) |
| Employed at middle to graduate occupational level | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
*PR adjusted for age and marital status.
†Retired or student or full-time homeworker.
‡Disabled or unfit for work.
PR, prevalence ratios; SES, socioeconomic status.