| Stratified analyses | |||
| Sex | |||
| Women | 1.1 (1.0 to 1.2) | 0.8 (0.7 to 0.9) | <0.01 |
| Men | 2.2 (2.0 to 2.3) | 1.5 (1.3 to 1.6) | <0.01 |
| Age | |||
| 18–44 years | 0.5 (0.4 to 0.5) | 0.3 (0.3 to 0.3) | <0.01 |
| 45–64 years | 2.9 (2.7 to 3.1) | 2.2 (2.1 to 2.4) | <0.01 |
| 65–79 years | 9.9 (9.1 to 10.7) | 7.7 (7.2 to 8.3) | <0.01 |
| Education‡ | |||
| Low | 2.7 (2.5 to 2.9) | 2.5 (2.2 to 2.7) | 0.12 |
| Middle | 0.7 (0.7 to 0.8) | 0.7 (0.6 to 0.8) | 0.29 |
| High | 1.3 (1.1 to 1.4) | 0.8 (0.7 to 1.0) | <0.01 |
| BMI (kg/m²)§ | |||
| <25.0 | 0.4 (0.4 to 0.5) | 0.3 (0.3 to 0.3) | <0.01 |
| 25.0–29.9 | 2.4 (2.2 to 2.5) | 1.7 (1.6 to 1.8) | <0.01 |
| =30.0 | 7.2 (6.7 to 7.8) | 6.4 (5.8 to 7.0) | 0.03 |
| Region | |||
| North-East | 1.6 (1.2 to 2.1) | 1.0 (0.9 to 1.3) | <0.01 |
| Central-East | 1.7 (1.5 to 2.0) | 1.4 (1.2 to 1.6) | 0.02 |
| North-West | 1.4 (1.2 to 1.7) | 1.0 (0.8 to 1.3) | <0.01 |
| Central-West | 1.6 (1.4 to 1.8) | 1.1 (1.0 to 1.2) | <0.01 |
| South | 1.4 (1.3 to 1.6) | 1.0 (0.9 to 1.1) | <0.01 |
All data are weighted to the German population as of 31 December 2010.
*Exclusion of 240 participants in 1997–1999 (GNHIES98) and 128 participants in 2008–2011 (DEGS1).
†Information was missing for 15 participants in 1997–1999 (GNHIES98) and 22 participants in 2008–2011 (DEGS1).
‡Information was missing for 18 participants in 1997–1999 (GNHIES98) and 11 participants in 2008–2011 (DEGS1).
§Information was missing for nine participants in 2008–2011 (DEGS1).
BMI, body mass index; DEGS1, German Health Interview and Examination Survey for Adults; GNHIES98, German National Health Interview and Examination Survey 1998.