Table 5

Results of the multivariate logistic regression of the predictors for receiving ultrasonography surveillance three times or more during the 2 years preceding a liver cancer diagnosis

Variables	OR	95% CI	p Value
Male	0.60	0.52 to 0.69	<0.001
Diabetes	1.56	1.31 to 1.86	<0.001
Hypertension	1.17	1.01 to 1.34	0.03
CKD	1.60	1.30 to 1.96	<0.001
US indications
Viral hepatitis (HBV or HCV infection)	3.66	2.76 to 4.85	<0.001
Gallbladder diseases	1.82	1.59 to 2.09	<0.001
KUB diseases	1.80	1.53 to 2.11	<0.001
Pancreas diseases	1.79	1.37 to 2.34	<0.001
Chronic hepatitis except viral hepatitis	1.75	1.31 to 2.34	<0.001
Other*	1.47	1.29 to 1.69	<0.001
Abdominal pain	0.81	0.70 to 0.93	0.004
Central area in Taiwan	1.16	1.01 to 1.34	0.04

*Includes hepatomegaly, splenomegaly, abdominal or pelvic mass, and ascites.
CKD, chronic kidney disease; HBV, hepatitis B virus; HCV, hepatitis C virus; KUB, kidney–urinary–bladder; US, ultrasonography surveillance.