Variable | HR | 95% CI | p Value |
Male | 1.14 | 1.07 to 1.22 | <0.001 |
Age (hepatocellular cancer diagnosis) per 5 years | 1.02 | 1.01 to 1.03 | 0.002 |
Diabetes | 1.13 | 1.04 to 1.22 | 0.004 |
Hypertension | 0.83 | 0.78 to 0.89 | <0.001 |
CVA | 0.78 | 0.72 to 0.84 | <0.001 |
CKD | 0.84 | 0.74 to 0.92 | <0.001 |
Viral hepatitis (HBV, HCV) | 0.79 | 0.72 to 0.88 | <0.001 |
CCI (per 1 score) | 1.07 | 1.05 to 1.08 | <0.001 |
US indications | |||
Three times or more US | 0.80 | 0.75 to 0.85 | <0.001 |
KUB diseases | 0.92 | 0.86 to 0.995 | 0.037 |
Gallbladder diseases | 0.90 | 0.85 to 0.96 | 0.001 |
Chronic liver diseases (except HBV, HCV) | 0.90 | 0.81 to 0.999 | 0.047 |
Pancreas diseases | 0.80 | 0.71 to 0.91 | <0.001 |
Complication of liver cancer | |||
UGI bleeding (GU, DU) | 0.92 | 0.86 to 0.98 | 0.009 |
EV bleeding | 0.90 | 0.83 to 0.97 | 0.008 |
Treatments | |||
TACE | 0.82 | 0.76 to 0.89 | <0.001 |
Radiotherapy | 0.81 | 0.75 to 0.87 | <0.001 |
RFA | 0.79 | 0.68 to 0.93 | 0.004 |
Chemotherapy | 0.71 | 0.67 to 0.76 | <0.001 |
hepatectomy | 0.67 | 0.61 to 0.73 | <0.001 |
PEI | 0.64 | 0.57 to 0.70 | <0.001 |
Background | |||
Employment | 0.89 | 0.83 to 0.95 | <0.001 |
Northern area in Taiwan | 0.91 | 0.85 to 0.97 | 0.003 |
CCI, Charlson comorbidity index; CKD, chronic kidney disease; CVA, cerebral vascular accident; DU, duodenal ulcer; EV, esophageal varices; GU, gastric ulcer; HBV, hepatitis B virus; HCV, hepatitis C virus; KUB, kidney–urinary–bladder; PEI, percutaneous ethanol injection; RFA, radiofrequency ablation; TACE, transcatheter arterial chemoembolisation; UGI, upper gastrointestinal tract; US, ultrasonography surveillance.