Adverse experience | Bilateral oophorectomy (cases; N=128) | Women without oophorectomy (controls; N=128) | Case–control analyses* | |||||
N | % | N | % | OR (95% CI) | p Value | |||
Childhood (age<19 years) | ||||||||
Q1: verbal or emotional abuse | 47 | 36.7 | 27 | 21.1 | 2.05 (1.19 to 3.55) | 0.01 | ||
Q2: physical abuse | 25 | 19.5 | 6 | 4.7 | 5.75 (1.99 to 16.63) | 0.001 | ||
Q3: sexual abuse | 10 | 7.8 | 6 | 4.7 | 1.67 (0.61 to 4.59) | 0.32 | ||
Q4: emotional neglect | 23 | 18.0 | 19 | 14.8 | 1.24 (0.65 to 2.34) | 0.52 | ||
Q5: physical neglect | 6 | 4.7 | 11 | 8.6 | 0.38 (0.10 to 1.41) | 0.15 | ||
Q6: parental separation | 22 | 17.2 | 16 | 12.5 | 1.50 (0.72 to 3.11) | 0.28 | ||
Q7: witnessed domestic violence | 7 | 5.5 | 4 | 3.1 | 1.75 (0.51 to 5.98) | 0.37 | ||
Q8: substance abuse in household | 61 | 47.7 | 44 | 34.4 | 1.85 (1.07 to 3.19) | 0.03 | ||
Q9: mental illness in household | 46 | 35.9 | 39 | 30.5 | 1.33 (0.76 to 2.35) | 0.32 | ||
Q10: incarceration | 1 | 0.8 | 0 | 0.0 | – | – | ||
Any abuse (verbal or emotional, physical, sexual) | 52 | 40.6 | 29 | 22.7 | 2.21 (1.29 to 3.80) | 0.004 | ||
ACE score ≥1 | 101 | 78.9 | 72 | 56.3 | 3.23 (1.73 to 6.02) | <0.001 | ||
ACE score ≥2 | 67 | 52.3 | 53 | 41.4 | 1.70 (0.98 to 2.95) | 0.06 | ||
ACE score ≥3 | 39 | 30.5 | 27 | 21.1 | 1.60 (0.92 to 2.80) | 0.10 | ||
ACE score ≥4 | 22 | 17.2 | 13 | 10.2 | 1.82 (0.87 to 3.79) | 0.11 | ||
ACE score | ||||||||
0 | 27 | 21.1 | 56 | 43.8 | (reference) | |||
1 | 34 | 26.6 | 19 | 14.8 | 4.17 (1.85 to 9.40) | <0.001 | ||
2 | 28 | 21.9 | 26 | 20.3 | 2.54 (1.19 to 5.41) | 0.02 | ||
3 | 17 | 13.3 | 14 | 10.9 | 2.73 (1.15 to 6.51) | 0.02 | ||
≥4 | 22 | 17.2 | 13 | 10.2 | 4.45 (1.75 to 11.29) | 0.002 | ||
Adulthood (age 19 to index date) | ||||||||
Verbal or emotional abuse | 40 | 31.3 | 43 | 33.6 | 0.90 (0.54 to 1.51) | 0.70 | ||
Physical abuse | 25 | 19.5 | 18 | 14.1 | 1.47 (0.76 to 2.83) | 0.25 | ||
Sexual abuse | 7 | 5.5 | 2 | 1.6 | 3.50 (0.73 to 16.85) | 0.12 | ||
Any abuse (verbal or emotional, physical, sexual) | 45 | 35.2 | 45 | 35.2 | 1.00 (0.61 to 1.65) | 1.00 | ||
Cumulative experience from birth to index date | ||||||||
Verbal or emotional abuse | 63 | 49.2 | 51 | 39.8 | 1.44 (0.88 to 2.36) | 0.14 | ||
Physical abuse | 35 | 27.3 | 21 | 16.4 | 1.93 (1.04 to 3.61) | 0.04 | ||
Sexual abuse | 14 | 10.9 | 7 | 5.5 | 2.00 (0.81 to 4.96) | 0.13 | ||
Any abuse (verbal or emotional, physical, sexual) | 68 | 53.1 | 52 | 40.6 | 1.62 (0.99 to 2.63) | 0.05 |
*The ORs, CIs and p values were calculated using conditional logistic regression models (matched pairs).
ACE, Adverse Childhood Experiences; OR, odds ratio; CI, confidence interval.