Table 3

Case–control analyses for adverse childhood experiences or abuse in adulthood—by age at oophorectomy strata

Adverse experience	Bilateral oophorectomy (cases; N=42; 86)*		Women without oophorectomy (controls; N=42; 86)*		Case–control analyses†
Adverse experience	N	%	N	%	OR (95% CI)	p Value	Strata comparison p value‡
Childhood (age <19 years)
Q1: verbal or emotional abuse							0.76
Age <40 years	21	50.0	12	28.6	2.29 (0.94 to 5.56)	0.07
Age 40–45 years	26	30.2	15	17.4	1.92 (0.95 to 3.85)	0.07
Q2: physical abuse							0.16
Age <40 years	16	38.1	2	4.8	15.00 (1.98 to 113.56)	0.009
Age 40–45 years	9	10.5	4	4.7	2.67 (0.71 to 10.05)	0.15
Q3: sexual abuse							0.70
Age <40 years	6	14.3	3	7.1	2.00 (0.50 to 8.00)	0.33
Age 40–45 years	4	4.7	3	3.5	1.33 (0.30 to 5.96)	0.71
Q4: emotional neglect							0.85
Age <40 years	10	23.8	9	21.4	1.14 (0.41 to 3.15)	0.80
Age 40–45 years	13	15.1	10	11.6	1.30 (0.57 to 2.96)	0.53
Q5: physical neglect							0.62
Age <40 years	3	7.1	6	14.3	0.25 (0.03 to 2.24)	0.22
Age 40–45 years	3	3.5	5	5.8	0.50 (0.09 to 2.73)	0.42
Q6: parental separation							0.14
Age <40 years	14	33.3	7	16.7	2.75 (0.88 to 8.64)	0.08
Age 40–45 years	8	9.3	9	10.5	0.88 (0.32 to 2.41)	0.80
Q7: witnessed domestic violence							0.32
Age <40 years	4	9.5	1	2.4	4.00 (0.45 to 35.79)	0.22
Age 40–45 years	3	3.5	3	3.5	1.00 (0.20 to 4.95)	1.00
Q8: substance abuse in household							0.53
Age <40 years	16	38.1	13	31.0	1.43 (0.54 to 3.75)	0.47
Age 40–45 years	45	52.3	31	36.0	2.08 (1.07 to 4.03)	0.03
Q9: mental illness in household							0.19
Age <40 years	10	23.8	12	28.6	0.78 (0.29 to 2.09)	0.62
Age 40–45 years	36	41.9	27	31.4	1.75 (0.86 to 3.56)	0.12
Q10: incarceration							–
Age <40 years	1	2.4	0	0.0	–	–
Age 40–45 years	0	0.0	0	0.0	–	–
Any abuse (verbal or emotional, physical, sexual)							0.62
Age <40 years	23	54.8	13	31.0	2.67 (1.04 to 6.81)	0.04
Age 40–45 years	29	33.7	16	18.6	2.00 (1.03 to 3.89)	0.04
ACE score ≥1							0.96
Age <40 years	32	76.2	25	59.5	3.33 (0.92 to 12.11)	0.07
Age 40–45 years	69	80.2	47	54.7	3.20 (1.57 to 6.51)	0.001
ACE score ≥2							0.71
Age <40 years	23	54.8	21	50.0	1.40 (0.44 to 4.41)	0.57
Age 40–45 years	44	51.2	32	37.2	1.80 (0.96 to 3.38)	0.07
ACE score ≥3							0.96
Age <40 years	16	38.1	12	28.6	1.57 (0.61 to 4.05)	0.35
Age 40–45 years	23	26.7	15	17.4	1.62 (0.81 to 3.23)	0.17
ACE score ≥4							0.03
Age <40 years	14	33.3	4	9.5	6.00 (1.34 to 26.81)	0.02
Age 40–45 years	8	9.3	9	10.5	0.89 (0.34 to 2.30)	0.81
Adulthood (age 19 to index date)
Verbal or emotional abuse							0.06
Age <40 years	17	40.5	11	26.2	1.86 (0.74 to 4.65)	0.19
Age 40–45 years	23	26.7	32	37.2	0.63 (0.33 to 1.19)	0.15
Physical abuse							0.02
Age <40 years	15	35.7	5	11.9	4.33 (1.23 to 15.21)	0.02
Age 40–45 years	10	11.6	13	15.1	0.75 (0.32 to 1.78)	0.51
Sexual abuse							–
Age <40 years	4	9.5	2	4.8	2.00 (0.37 to 10.92)	0.42
Age 40–45 years	3	3.5	0	0.0	–	–
Any abuse (verbal or emotional, physical, sexual)							0.06
Age <40 years	20	47.6	13	31.0	2.00 (0.81 to 4.96)	0.13
Age 40–45 years	25	29.1	32	37.2	0.71 (0.38 to 1.32)	0.28
Cumulative experience from birth to index date
Verbal or emotional abuse							0.25
Age <40 years	26	61.9	17	40.5	2.12 (0.92 to 4.92)	0.08
Age 40–45 years	37	43.0	34	39.5	1.16 (0.63 to 2.14)	0.64
Physical abuse							0.009
Age <40 years	21	50.0	6	14.3	8.50 (1.96 to 36.79)	0.004
Age 40–45 years	14	16.3	15	17.4	0.92 (0.42 to 2.02)	0.84
Sexual abuse							1.00
Age <40 years	8	19.0	4	9.5	2.00 (0.60 to 6.64)	0.26
Age 40–45 years	6	7.0	3	3.5	2.00 (0.50 to 8.00)	0.33
Any abuse (verbal or emotional, physical, sexual)							0.26
Age <40 years	28	66.7	18	42.9	2.43 (1.01 to 5.86)	0.048
Age 40–45 years	40	46.5	34	39.5	1.32 (0.72 to 2.39)	0.37

*Percentages are calculated from the total number of the respective case or control group. The younger age strata contains 42 women who underwent bilateral oophorectomy at age <40 years (24 for benign ovarian conditions, 18 for no ovarian indication) and 42 controls. The older age stratum contains 86 women who underwent bilateral oophorectomy at age 40-45 years (41 for benign ovarian conditions, 45 for no ovarian indication) and 86 controls.
†The ORs, CIs, and p values were calculated using conditional logistic regression models (matched pairs) within each age stratum separately.
‡The p values were calculated using conditional logistic regression models for both age strata combined, and represent statistical comparisons of the ORs and CIs across the two age strata.
ACE, Adverse Childhood Experiences; OR, odds ratio; CI, confidence interval.