Table 3

Prevalence rate of chronic lung diseases by gender, birth group and severity of the Chinese famine area

Variables	Non-exposed group	Fetal-exposed group	Infant-exposed group	Preschool-exposed group
Female
Severely affected area
Prevalence (%)	5.0	5.3	7.5	4.7
p*		0.907	0.359	0.861
OR (95% CI)*	Ref.	1.05 (0.44 to 2.50)	1.53 (0.62 to 3.81)	0.93 (0.43 to 2.03)
p^†		0.514	0.208	0.479
OR (95% CI)^†	Ref.	1.39 (0.52 to 3.74)	1.98 (0.68 to 5.72)	0.67 (0.23 to 2.01)
Less severely affected area
Prevalence (%)	6.9	7.0	4.1	9.4
p*		0.970	0.218	0.176
OR (95% CI)*	Ref.	1.01 (0.57 to 1.81)	0.57 (0.23 to 1.39)	1.41 (0.86 to 2.32)
p†		0.238	0.644	0.359
OR (95% CI)^†	Ref.	1.55 (0.75 to 3.23)	0.77 (0.24 to 2.39)	1.40 (0.68 to 2.89)
p for interaction between area and group*	Ref.	0.498	0.252	0.036
p for interaction between smoking and group*	Ref.	0.907	0.003	0.028
p for interaction between area and group^†	Ref.	0.686	0.179	0.132
p for interaction between smoking and group^†	Ref.	0.999	0.614	0.0.628
Male
Severely affected area
Prevalence (%)	6.3	5.9	13.1	6.5
p*		0.897	0.030	0.930
OR (95% CI)*	Ref.	0.94 (0.39 to 2.29)	2.26 (1.08 to 4.73)	1.03 (0.52 to 3.03)
p^†		0.677	0.023	0.686
OR (95% CI)^†	Ref.	0.75 (0.20 to 2.87)	3.16 (1.17 to 8.51)	0.81 (0.30 to 2.22)
Less severely affected area
Prevalence (%)	5.8	6.9	8.4	5.7
p*		0.566	0.237	0.974
OR (95% CI)*	Ref.	1.20 (0.64 to 2.24)	1.50 (0.77 to 2.93)	0.99 (0.55 to 1.80)
p^†		0.584	0.178	0.853
OR (95% CI)^†	Ref.	1.28 (0.53 to 3.07)	1.82 (0.76 to 4.36)	1.08 (0.45 to 2.60)
p for interaction between area and group*	Ref.	0.734	0.217	0.709
p for interaction between smoking and group*	Ref.	0.409	0.300	0.207
p for interaction between area and group^†	Ref.	0.344	0.127	0.887
p for interaction between smoking and group^†	Ref.	0.950	0.103	0.696

*Single variance binary logistic regression model.
↵†Multivariable logistic regression model, adjusted for smoking, drinking, family economic status and the highest educational attainment of parents.