Estimates of the relationship between support outcomes and bereavement exposure (suicide versus sudden unnatural death)
| Exposure group | Sudden unnatural death (n=712) | Suicide (n=614) | |||
| OR (reference) | Unadjusted OR (95% CI) | p Value* | Adjusted† OR (95% CI) | p Value* | |
| Primary outcomes | |||||
| Receipt of formal support postbereavement | 1 | 0.92 (0.72 to 1.16) | 0.462 | 0.91 (0.72 to 1.16) | 0.437 |
| Receipt of informal support postbereavement | 1 | 0.74 (0.58 to 0.95) | 0.020 | 0.74‡ (0.58 to 0.96) | 0.022 |
| Secondary outcomes | |||||
| No support postbereavement§ | 1 | 1.46 (0.95 to 1.52) | 0.010 | 1.46 (1.09 to 1.95) | 0.011 |
| Immediate receipt of support (<1 week) | 1 | 0.76 (0.60 to 96) | 0.021 | 0.76 (0.60 to 0.97) | 0.025 |
| Delayed receipt of valuable support (>6 months) | 1 | 1.19 (0.94 to 1.51) | 0.139 | 1.21 (0.95 to 1.54) | 0.120 |
| Use of formal support exclusively¶ | 1 | 1.16 (0.79 to 1.70) | 0.463 | 1.13 (0.77 to 1.67) | 0.542 |
| Help sought for postbereavement self-harm†† | 1 | 2.18 (0.79 to 5.98) | 0.131 | 2.28 (0.78 to 6.68) | 0.132 |
*Significance threshold of p=0.05 for primary outcomes and p=0.01 for secondary outcomes.
†Adjusted for age, gender, socioeconomic status, preloss depression, preloss suicidal and non-suicidal self-harm, other family history of suicide (excluding index bereavement), time since bereavement and kinship to the deceased.
‡Association no longer significant when stigma added to final adjusted model
§Outcome excluded those who solely endorsed that they chose to handle the bereavement alone.
¶In subset of n=2572 receiving support after bereavement.
††In subset of n=210 who had attempted suicide postbereavement.