Number of MetS components | p Value§ | Ptrend | ||||
0 | 1 | 2 | 3–5 | |||
n,% | 866 (30.9%) | 832 (29.7%) | 618 (22.1%) | 484 (17.3%) | ||
Energy | 2349.9±20.8 | 2317.5±21.3 | 2296.7±24.6 | 2269.6±27.8 | 0.109 | 0.016 |
Nutrients† | ||||||
Protein (energy %) | 12.3±0.1 | 12.6±0.1 | 12.6±0.1* | 12.8±0.1** | 0.001 | 0.0001 |
Fat (energy %) | 31.7±0.4 | 31.6±0.4 | 32.1±0.4 | 31.9±0.5 | 0.748 | 0.558 |
Carbohydrate (energy %) | 55.8±0.4 | 55.7±0.4 | 55.1±0.4 | 55.0±0.5 | 0.460 | 0.141 |
Nutrients‡ | ||||||
Protein (g) | 70.4±0.6 | 71.5±0.6 | 72.1±0.6 | 73.4±0.7** | 0.006 | 0.0004 |
Beans (protein %) | 6.6±0.3 | 6.2±0.3 | 6.4±0.3 | 6.5±0.4 | 0.849 | 0.935 |
Animal foods (protein %) | 28.6±0.6 | 29.9±0.6 | 31.0±0.6** | 30.4±0.7 | 0.021 | 0.020 |
Other vegetable food (protein %) | 62.9±0.6 | 61.1±0.6 | 60.3±0.7* | 60.5±0.8* | 0.011 | 0.007 |
Fat (g) | 80.8±1.0 | 80.8±1.0 | 82.1±1.1 | 81.2±1.2 | 0.790 | 0.595 |
Carbohydrate (g) | 321.0±2.3 | 319.1±2.3 | 314.7±2.6 | 317.7±2.9 | 0.263 | 0.192 |
β-Carotene (μg) | 1493.6±42.8 | 1431.6±42.1 | 1485.1±47.4 | 1472.0±53.4 | 0.698 | 0.957 |
Vitamin C (mg) | 78.3±1.4 | 76.2±1.4 | 76.6±1.6 | 75.6±1.8 | 0.597 | 0.275 |
Vitamin E (mg) | 34.7±0.6 | 34.3±0.6 | 33.8±0.7 | 33.9±0.8 | 0.744 | 0.351 |
Calcium (mg) | 369.8±5.3 | 371.8±5.3 | 371.5±5.9 | 375.9±6.7 | 0.903 | 0.484 |
Sodium (mg) | 4545.9±79.2 | 4563.3±78.7 | 4681.6±88.5 | 4634.7±99.2 | 0.612 | 0.318 |
Iron (mg) | 23.2±0.3 | 23.6±0.3 | 23.6±0.4 | 24.2±0.4 | 0.184 | 0.044 |
Magnesium (mg) | 321.9±3.1 | 322.8±3 | 316.8±3.4 | 320.2±3.9 | 0.547 | 0.460 |
Dietary fibre (g) | 11.7±0.2 | 11.3±0.2 | 11.2±0.2 | 11.5±0.2 | 0.058 | 0.419 |
Cholesterol (mg) | 238.7±6.3 | 264.0±6.2** | 267.8±7.0** | 266.6±7.8* | 0.002 | 0.004 |
Foods‡ | ||||||
Cereals (g) | 453.9±4.9 | 443.1±4.9 | 437.1±5.5* | 440.8±6.2 | 0.083 | 0.058 |
Rice (g) | 234.5±4.7 | 233.9±4.6 | 223.9±5.2 | 229.8±5.9 | 0.376 | 0.294 |
Wheat (g) | 159.5±4.7 | 153.7±4.6 | 157.2±5.2 | 155.8±5.8 | 0.812 | 0.741 |
Coarse cereals (g) | 16.5±1.4 | 16.0±1.4 | 14.1±1.6 | 12.7±1.8 | 0.267 | 0.051 |
Tubers (g) | 37.3±1.9 | 39.1±1.9 | 32.9±2.1 | 32.7±2.4 | 0.048 | 0.030 |
Nuts (g) | 3.2±0.5 | 3.5±0.5 | 3.4±0.5 | 4.1±0.6 | 0.599 | 0.207 |
Beans (g) | 17.0±0.9 | 17.3±0.9 | 17.3±1.1 | 19.5±1.2 | 0.362 | 0.113 |
Vegetables (g) | 335.4±5.6 | 327.9±5.6 | 328.7±6.3 | 320.8±7.1 | 0.408 | 0.119 |
Fruits (g) | 54.0±3.2 | 50.0±3.2 | 46.9±3.6 | 48.5±4.1 | 0.444 | 0.212 |
Fish/seafood (g) | 30.4±2.1 | 34.2±2.1 | 33.8±2.3 | 42.3±2.6** | 0.003 | 0.001 |
Meats(g) | 90.6±2.9 | 95.7±2.8 | 105.7±3.2** | 98.4±3.6 | 0.003 | 0.016 |
Abdominal organs (g) | 2.9±0.5 | 3.7±0.5 | 4.1±0.6 | 4.4±0.6 | 0.213 | 0.050 |
Eggs (g) | 30.8±1.2 | 33.3±1.2 | 33.3±1.4 | 31.4±1.5 | 0.318 | 0.749 |
Milk and dairy products (g) | 9.4±1.4 | 9.7±1.4 | 11.9±1.6 | 9.2±1.8 | 0.576 | 0.840 |
Fats–oils (g) | 40.7±0.9 | 40.7±0.9 | 40.4±1.0 | 40.1±1.1 | 0.963 | 0.608 |
Values shown are mean±SE.
†Adjusted for age, alcohol intake, smoking, physical activity, per capita annual income, education level, residence (urban/rural) and geographical regions.
‡Adjusted for age, energy intake, alcohol intake, smoking, physical activity, per capita annual income, education level, residences (urban/rural) and geographical regions.
§Statistical significance was determined by analysis of covariance. Comparisons made with the number of MetS components 0 group, *p<0.05, **p<0.01.