Proportions not meeting WALNA and NAPLAN benchmarks and ORs of not reaching benchmark in the exposed versus comparison cohorts by Indigenous status and testing domain
| Non-Indigenous | Indigenous | |||||
| Testing year | Exposed (%) | Comparison (%) | OR*(95% CI) | Exposed (%) | Comparison (%) | OR* (95% CI) |
| Numeracy | ||||||
| WALNA | ||||||
| Year 3 | 18.1 | 12.1 | 1.6 (1.5 to 1.8) | 52.0 | 39.8 | 1.7 (1.5 to 1.9) |
| Year 5 | 21.1 | 13.3 | 1.8 (1.6 to 2.0) | 65.1 | 50.7 | 1.6 (1.5 to 1.8) |
| Year 7 | 29.0 | 19.0 | 1.8 (1.6 to 1.9) | 76.6 | 62.4 | 2.0 (1.7 to 2.2) |
| Year 9† | 19.7 | 11.8 | 1.8 (1.6 to 2.1) | 64.5 | 48.5 | 1.9 (1.6 to 2.4) |
| NAPLAN | ||||||
| Year 3 | 10.8 | 6.4 | 1.8 (1.5 to 2.1) | 37.6 | 25.1 | 1.8 (1.6 to 2.2) |
| Year 5 | 12.2 | 7.4 | 1.8 (1.5 to 2.1) | 46.8 | 33.5 | 1.7 (1.5 to 2.0) |
| Year 7 | 8.1 | 4.0 | 2.1 (1.7 to 2.7) | 36.5 | 24.6 | 1.8 (1.5 to 2.1) |
| Year 9 | 12.7 | 6.5 | 2.1 (1.7 to 2.5) | 48.6 | 31.5 | 2.0 (1.7 to 2.5) |
| Reading | ||||||
| WALNA | ||||||
| Year 3 | 10.3 | 6.4 | 1.7 (1.5 to 1.9) | 33.0 | 26.0 | 1.4 (1.3 to 1.6) |
| Year 5 | 14.0 | 8.9 | 1.7 (1.5 to 1.9) | 52.9 | 40.9 | 1.6 (1.5 to 1.8) |
| Year 7 | 23.9 | 16.1 | 1.7 (1.5 to 1.8) | 75.6 | 61.4 | 1.9 (1.7 to 2.2) |
| Year 9† | 16.9 | 9.9 | 1.9 (1.6 to 2.2) | 64.2 | 49.4 | 1.8 (1.5 to 2.2) |
| NAPLAN | ||||||
| Year 3 | 14.6 | 8.4 | 1.9 (1.6 to 2.2) | 44.2 | 31.0 | 1.8 (1.5 to 2.1) |
| Year 5 | 17.9 | 11.4 | 1.7 (1.5 to 2.0) | 60.8 | 46.2 | 1.8 (1.6 to 2.1) |
| Year 7 | 10.7 | 6.0 | 1.9 (1.5 to 2.2) | 45.6 | 31.6 | 1.8 (1.5 to 2.1) |
| Year 9 | 17.5 | 9.4 | 2.1 (1.8 to 2.4) | 61.9 | 41.6 | 2.3 (1.9 to 2.8) |
| Writing | ||||||
| WALNA | ||||||
| Year 3 | 21.3 | 14.0 | 1.7 (1.5 to 1.9) | 54.8 | 44.1 | 1.6 (1.5 to 1.8) |
| Year 5 | 18.9 | 12.6 | 1.6 (1.5 to 1.8) | 60.9 | 46.4 | 1.8 (1.6 to 2.0) |
| Year 7 | 26.6 | 18.6 | 1.6 (1.5 to 1.8) | 70.9 | 55.3 | 2.0 (1.8 to 2.3) |
| Year 9† | 15.3 | 10.0 | 1.6 (1.3 to 2.0) | 52.7 | 37.6 | 1.9 (1.5 to 2.3) |
| NAPLAN | ||||||
| Year 3 | 8.9 | 5.2 | 1.8 (1.5 to 2.2) | 46.8 | 30.7 | 2.0 (1.8 to 2.4) |
| Year 5 | 15.8 | 9.7 | 1.8 (1.5 to 2.1) | 57.7 | 42.4 | 1.9 (1.6 to 2.2) |
| Year 7 | 15.4 | 8.6 | 1.9 (1.6 to 2.3) | 58.5 | 40.3 | 2.1 (1.8 to 2.4) |
| Year 9 | 24.1 | 13.9 | 2.0 (1.7 to 2.3) | 69.6 | 50.8 | 2.2 (1.8 to 2.7) |
| Spelling‡ | ||||||
| WALNA | ||||||
| Year 3 | 25.0 | 16.9 | 1.7 (1.5 to 1.8) | 61.5 | 48.9 | 1.7 (1.6 to 2.0) |
| Year 5 | 26.4 | 17.8 | 1.7 (1.5 to 1.8) | 67.0 | 52.2 | 1.9 (1.7 to 2.1) |
| Year 7 | 31.5 | 23.1 | 1.5 (1.4 to 1.7) | 71.6 | 57.9 | 1.8 (1.6 to 2.1) |
| NAPLAN | ||||||
| Year 3 | 16.7 | 10.0 | 1.8 (1.6 to 2.1) | 55.6 | 38.7 | 2.0 (1.8 to 2.4) |
| Year 5 | 16.1 | 10.0 | 1.8 (1.5 to 2.0) | 53.6 | 36.4 | 2.1 (1.8 to 2.4) |
| Year 7 | 14.8 | 8.0 | 2.0 (1.7 to 2.4) | 48.1 | 33.5 | 1.8 (1.6 to 2.1) |
| Year 9 | 20.6 | 12.9 | 1.8 (1.5 to 2.0) | 55.7 | 40.6 | 1.8 (1.5 to 2.2) |
*Conditional analysis using logistic procedure adjusted for frequency matching variables maternal age and child’s year of birth.
†Year 9 WALNA for 2004–2007 for numeracy and reading; from 2005 to 2007 for writing.
‡There were no spelling tests conducted under WALNA for Year 9 students.
NAPLAN, National Assessment Program – Literacy and Numeracy; WALNA, Western Australian Literacy and Numeracy Assessment.