Multivariable adjusted OR of higher PWB according to the lifestyle factors
| ORs and 95% CIs | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Model 1 | Model 2 | |||
| Lifestyle factors | Men | Women | Men | Women |
| Smoking status | ||||
| Current | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
| Former | 1.24 (1.01 to 1.53)* | 1.09 (0.77 to 1.54) | 1.26 (1.01 to 1.58)* | 1.15 (0.78 to 1.69) |
| Never | 1.29 (1.06 to 1.57)* | 1.33 (1.04 to 1.71)* | 1.14 (0.92 to 1.41) | 1.20 (0.91 to 1.58) |
| Alcohol consumption | ||||
| Every day | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
| 2–4 times per week | 1.67 (1.15 to 2.4)** | 1.19 (0.52 to 2.73) | 1.43 (0.96 to 2.12) | 1.08 (0.43 to 2.72) |
| Once a week | 1.44 (1.0 to 2.08) | 1.16 (0.54 to 2.47) | 1.37 (0.92 to 2.04) | 1.0 (0.43 to 2.32) |
| 1–3 times per month | 1.34 (0.95 to 1.89) | 1.05 (0.52 to 2.16) | 1.28 (0.89 to 1.85) | 0.96 (0.43 to 2.13) |
| Less than once a month | 1.23 (0.86 to 1.75) | 0.80 (0.39 to 1.62) | 1.29 (0.88 to 1.90) | 0.92 (0.43 to 2.04) |
| Never | 1.24 (0.78 to 1.95) | 0.51 (0.24 to 1.09) | 1.61 (0.98 to 2.63) | 0.70 (0.30 to 1.61) |
| Physically active | 1.37 (1.16 to 1.61)*** | 1.54 (1.29 to 1.85)*** | 1.28 (1.07 to 1.54)** | 1.37 (1.12 to 1.69)** |
| More frequent fresh vegetables and fruit consumption | 1.56 (1.33 to 1.82)*** | 2.0 (1.74 to 2.31)*** | 1.36 (1.15 to 1.61)*** | 1.58 (1.34 to 1.86)*** |
| More frequent sweets consumption | 1.17 (1.00 to 1.37)* | 0.90 (0.78 to 1.03) | 1.06 (0.89 to 1.25) | 0.82 (0.70 to 0.96)* |
| More frequent porridge, cereals, curd, cheese consumption | 1.17 (0.99 to 1.37) | 1.04 (0.90 to 1.21) | 1.17 (0.98 to 1.40) | 0.97 (0.82 to 1.14) |
| More frequent potatoes, meat, boiled vegetables, eggs consumption | 0.83 (0.71 to 0.98)* | 0.80 (0.69 to 0.92)** | 0.79 (0.66 to 0.93)** | 0.83 (0.71 to 0.97)* |
| Chicken, fish consumption | 1.14 (0.97 to 1.32) | 1.29(1.12 to 1.48)*** | 1.15 (0.98 to 1.36) | 1.23 (1.05 to 1.43)** |
Model 1 included age, lifestyle (smoking, alcohol consumption frequency, physical activity and nutrition habits), and biological (body mass index, triglycerides, HDL cholesterol, LDL cholesterol, glucose level and arterial hypertension) CVD risk factors.
Model 2 included variables of model 1 plus sociodemographic, social and socioeconomic factors (education, marital status, number of children, employment status, and membership of social organization, social activity), depressive symptoms, CHD.
Bold typeface indicates significance.
*p<0.05; **p<0.01; ***p<0.001.
HDL, high-density lipoprotein; LDL, low-density lipoprotein; CHD, coronary heart disease; PWB, psychological well-being.