Distribution of communities and participants in the EPOCH 2 study sample
| Number of communities | Number of urban communities | Number of participants | Number of urban participants | Mean age | Per cent Female | Current smoking (%) (men) | Current smoking (%) (women) | Quit ratio (%) (men) | Quit ratio (%) (women) | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Overall | 545 | 282 | 12 805 | 6314 | 53.6 | 51.0 | 32.6 | 6.4 | 42.4 | 61.0 |
| HIC | ||||||||||
| Canada | 67 | 45 | 1332 | 955 | 56.8 | 51.1 | 9.5 | 7.8 | 81.8 | 81.5 |
| Sweden | 23 | 22 | 576 | 493 | 57.4 | 55.0 | 12.4 | 10.1 | 77.8 | 79.9 |
| UAE | 3 | 3 | 89 | 26 | 51.2 | 47.2 | 17.0 | 0.0 | 52.9 | . |
| Overall HIC | 93 | 66 | 1997 | 1474 | 56.7 | 52.1 | 10.7 | 8.2 | 79.7 | 80.9 |
| UMIC | ||||||||||
| Argentina | 20 | 6 | 544 | 171 | 52.6 | 52.4 | 28.2 | 24.2 | 54.1 | 44.4 |
| Brazil | 14 | 7 | 391 | 202 | 55.1 | 52.9 | 18.5 | 16.9 | 64.2 | 62.0 |
| Chile | 5 | 3 | 127 | 51 | 55.3 | 54.3 | 12.1 | 15.9 | 63.2 | 45.0 |
| Malaysia | 35 | 20 | 1226 | 649 | 51.2 | 50.2 | 30.0 | 1.5 | 32.5 | 35.7 |
| Poland | 4 | 1 | 89 | 26 | 55.7 | 49.4 | 24.4 | 20.5 | 60.7 | 57.1 |
| South Africa | 9 | 9 | 194 | 99 | 54.6 | 53.1 | 60.4 | 17.5 | 16.7 | 30.8 |
| Turkey | 38 | 25 | 1207 | 795 | 51.2 | 52.1 | 40.8 | 15.3 | 46.8 | 42.9 |
| Overall UMIC | 125 | 66 | 3778 | 1993 | 52.2 | 51.7 | 32.8 | 12.6 | 44.6 | 46.9 |
| LMIC | ||||||||||
| China | 102 | 39 | 3275 | 1222 | 54.4 | 49.4 | 47.2 | 2.6 | 25.3 | 23.6 |
| Colombia | 54 | 31 | 396 | 207 | 55.8 | 37.1 | 11.6 | 3.4 | 82.8 | 86.1 |
| Iran | 20 | 11 | 593 | 321 | 48.9 | 49.4 | 22.0 | 0.3 | 38.3 | 66.7 |
| Overall LMIC | 176 | 81 | 4264 | 1750 | 53.8 | 48.2 | 39.7 | 2.3 | 33.7 | 48.9 |
| LIC | ||||||||||
| Bangladesh | 55 | 29 | 425 | 221 | 49.2 | 52.5 | 58.9 | 1.3 | 13.1 | 62.5 |
| India | 88 | 37 | 2119 | 793 | 54.2 | 52.9 | 32.0 | 2.0 | 29.7 | 17.9 |
| Pakistan | 5 | 2 | 141 | 57 | 46.5 | 58.9 | 31.0 | 14.5 | 45.5 | 58.6 |
| Zimbabwe | 3 | 1 | 81 | 26 | 57.3 | 70.4 | 37.5 | 1.8 | 40.0 | 66.7 |
| Overall LIC | 151 | 82 | 2766 | 1097 | 53.1 | 53.7 | 36.3 | 2.6 | 27.2 | 42.6 |
Measures of smoking status are based on self-report from participants.
HIC, high-income countries; LIC, low-income countries; LMIC, lower middle-income countries; UMIC, Upper middle-income countries.