Incidence data
| Author, year | Setting | Population | Case | Control | ART | Follow-up mean/median | Diagnosis of T2DM | Prevalence at baseline n (%) | Prevalence at follow-up n (%) | Cumulative incidence | Incidence proportion | Incidence rate (per 1000 person years) | p Value |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Abrahams, 2015 | South Africa | 103 women Mean age=33.5 Mean BMI=27.9 | NA | NA | Stavudine/lamivudine | 5.5 years n=94 | ADA criteria | 1 (1.0) | 7 (7.5) | 6.5% | 5.83% | 11 | 0.07 |
| George, 2009 | South Africa | 42 black participants, 65% women Mean age=34.4 Mean BMI=22.7 | NA | NA | Stavudine/zidovudine | 2 years n=42 | NCEP cut-off | 1 (2.4) | 1(2.5) | 0.1% | 0.001% | 5 | >0.05 |
| Karamchand, 2016 | South Africa | 56 298 participants, 64% women Mean age=38.14 Mean BMI=25.95 | NA | NA | First line NNRTI regimen containing efavirenz or nevirapine | 1.56 years n=56 298 | Prescription of anti-diabetic medication | 0 (0) | 1500 (2.66) | 2.66% | 2.66% | 13 | Not reported |
| Magula, 2014 | South Africa | 238 participants | n=150 treated | n=88 uninfected | Initiated—tenofovir, lamivu- dine, efavirenz/nevirapine | 2 years n=150 | WHO criteria | 0 (0) | 13 (8.66) | 8.66% | 8.66% | 59 | Not reported |
| Ndona, 2012 | DRC | 102 participants, 51% women, Mean age=43.4 Mean BMI=23.1 | n=49 HIV+ treated | n=53 HIV+ untreated | Stavudine + lamivudine, zidovudine + lamivudine + nevirapine, or efavirenz | 4 years n=102 | WHO criteria | Not stated | 5 (4.9) | 4.9% | 4.9% | 10 | 0.06 |
| Sagna, 2013 | Burkino Faso | 144 participants, Mean age=37 | NA | NA | Not stated (first-line therapy) | 3 years n=128 | Not stated | Not stated | 3 (2.3) | 2.3% | 2.1% | 7 | Not reported |
| Zannou, 2009 | Benin | 79 participants, 59.5% women Mean age=38 Mean BMI=19.2 | NA | NA | All started combination therapy. Lamivudine + stavudine+efavirenz | 2 years n=61 | WHO criteria | 0 (0) | 6 (7.6) | 7.6% | 7.6% | 4 | Not reported |
ADA, American Diabetes Association; ART, antiretroviral therapy; BMI, body mass index; DRC, Democratic Republic of Congo; NCEP, National Cholesterol Education Programme; NNRTI, non-nucleotide reverse transcriptase inhibitors; T2DM, type 2 diabetes mellitus.