Table 3

Prevalence data: HIV infected (treated and untreated) versus non-infected

Author, yearSettingPopulationCase
HIV+		Control
HIV		ARTDiagnosisPrevalence case %Prevalence control %p Value
Amusa, 2015Nigeria200 adultsn=150, 62.6% women
Mean age=40.6		n=50, 60% women
Mean age=40.2		Not statedFPG, criteria not stated28.04.00.01
Anastos, 2010Rwanda824 womenn=606
Mean age=42.4
Mean BMI=21.1		n=218
Mean age=34.7
Mean BMI=20.6		Not statedSelf-report or WHO criteria0.50.50.98
Becker, 2010South Africa60 adultsn=30, 33% women
Mean age=43
Mean BMI=25		n=30, 40% women
Mean age=54
Mean BMI=28		Not on treatmentPrescription of anti-diabetic medication or diagnosis on admission3.023.00.05
Brand, 2014South Africa20 black males requiring amputationn=10
Mean age=47
Mean BMI=22.4		n=10
Mean age=62
Mean BMI=25.3		Not on treatmentWHO criteria or prescription of anti-diabetic medication50.00.0<0.05
Edwards, 2015Kenya2206 adultsn=210, 69% women
Mean age=43		n=1996, 71% women
Mean age=49		First-line ART used tenofovir/lamivudine/efavirenz; second line lopinavir/ritonavir instead of efavirenzWHO criteria4.815.0<0.01
Fourie, 2010South Africa600 adultsn=300, 61% women
Mean age=44
Mean BMI=22.9		n=300, 61% women
Mean age=44
Mean BMI=22.8		Not on treatmentIDF criteria36.6 43.70.64
Maganga, 2015Tanzania 454 adultsn=301, 67.8% women
Mean age=37 (untreated) and 40 (treated)
Mean BMI=22.0 (untreated) and 23.7(treated)		n=153, 61,4% women
Mean age=38
Mean BMI=23.8		n=151 not on treatment
n=150 on treatment—21% on protease inhibitors (lopinavir and ritonavir); rest on other ART: nevirapine, efavirenz, tenofovir, stavudine, zidovudine		WHO criteria9.35.20.04 (untreated vs control)
and 0.001 (treated vs control)
Ngatchou, 2013Cameroon204 adultsn=108, 74% women
Mean age=39
Mean BMI=25.1		n=96, 72% women
Mean age=41
Mean BMI=28.1		Not on treatmentWHO criteria26.01.00.01

  • ART, antiretroviral therapy; BMI, Body mass index; FPG, fasting plasma glucose; IDF, International Diabetes Federation.