Overall | By region | p Value | ||
---|---|---|---|---|
Overall (N=455) | Australia and NZ (N=312) | SE Asia (N=143) | ||
Demographics | ||||
Age (years, median, IQR) | 79 (67–87) | 81 (69–88) | 73 (63–82) | <0.001 |
Gender (N, % male, 95% CI) | 227; 50% (45% to 55%) Missing data=1 | 149; 48% (43% to 53%) Missing data=0 | 78; 55% (47% to 63%) Missing data=1 | 0.12 |
Ambulance arrival (N, %, 95% CI) | 280; 62% (58% to 67%) Missing data=6 | 67% (62% to 73%) Missing data=6 | 52% (44% to 60%) Missing data=0 | 0.002 |
Comorbidities | N, % (95% CI) | N, % (95% CI) | N, % (95% CI) | |
Hypertension | 327; 72% (68% to 76%) Missing data=1 | 221; 71% (66% to 76%) Missing data=1 | 106; 74% (66% to 81%) Missing data=0 | 0.50 |
Previous heart failure | 256; 57% (52% to 61%) Missing data=2 | 193; 62% (57% to 67%) Missing data=2 | 63; 44% (36% to 52%) Missing data=0 | 0.0003 |
IHD | 239; 53% (48% to 57%) Missing data=1 | 161; 52% (46% to 57%) Missing data=1 | 78; 55% (46% to 62%) Missing data=0 | 0.58 |
Dyslipidaemia | 212; 47% (42% to 52%) Missing data=4 | 147; 48% (42% to 53%) Missing data=4 | 65; 45% (38% to 54%) Missing data=0 | 0.65 |
Diabetes | 194; 43% (39% to 48%) Missing data=4 | 131; 43% (37% to 48%) Missing data=4 | 63; 44% (36% to 52%) Missing data=0 | 0.76 |
Prior AF | 180; 40% (35% to 44%) Missing data=3 | 137; 44% (39% to 50%) Missing data=3 | 43; 30% (23% to 38%) Missing data=0 | 0.004 |
Renal impairment | 127; 28% (24% to 33%) Missing data=5 | 86; 28% (23% to 33%) Missing data=5 | 41; 29% (22% to 37%) Missing data=0 | 0.88 |
COPD | 83; 18% (15% to 22%) Missing data=5 | 77; 25% (21% to 30%) Missing data=5 | 6; 4% (2% to 9%) Missing data=0 | <0.0001 |
Valvular disease | 69; 15% (12% to 18%) Missing data=5 | 61; 20% (16% to 25%) Missing data=5 | 6; 4% (2% to 9%) Missing data=0 | <0.0001 |
Anaemia | 57; 13% (10% to 16%) Missing data=5 | 34; 11% (8% to 15%) Missing data=5 | 23; 16% (11% to 23%) Missing data=0 | 0.13 |
Smoker | 35; 8% (6% to 11%) Missing data=5 | 27; 9% (6% to 12%) Missing data=5 | 8; 6% (3% to 11%) Missing data=0 | 0.23 |
Active malignancy | 37; 8% (6% to 11%) Missing data=4 | 33; 11% (8% to 15%) Missing data=4 | 4; 3% (1% to 7%) Missing data=0 | 0.004 |
Prior PE | 17; 4% (2% to 6%) Missing data=5 | 15; 5% (3% to 8%) Missing data=5 | 2; 1% (0.4% to 5%) Missing data=0 | 0.07 |
Usual medications | N, % (95% CI) | N, % (95% CI) | N, % (95% CI) | |
Diuretic | 280; 62% (57% to 66%) Missing data=2 | 203; 65% (60% to 71%) Missing data=2 | 77; 54% (46% to 62%) Missing data=0 | 0.02 |
Statin | 237; 52% (48% to 57%) Missing data=1 | 161; 52% (46% to 57%) Missing data=1 | 76; 53% (45% to 61%) Missing data=0 | 0.78 |
Antiplatelet agent | 226; 50% (45% to 54%) Missing data=2 | 148; 48% (42% to 53%) Missing data=2 | 78; 55% (46% to 62%) Missing data=0 | 0.18 |
β-blocker | 224; 49% (45% to 54%) Missing data=2 | 160; 52% (46% to 57%) Missing data=2 | 64; 45% (37% to 53%) Missing data=0 | 0.18 |
ACE inhibitor/angiotensin receptor blocker | 217; 48% (43% to 53%) Missing data=3 | 161; 52% (47% to 58%) Missing data=3 | 56; 39% (32% to 47%) Missing data=0 | 0.01 |
Long-acting oral anticoagulant | 127; 28% (24% to 32%) Missing data=3 | 105; 34% (29% to 39%) Missing data=3 | 22; 15% (10% to 22%) Missing data=0 | <0.0001 |
Calcium channel blocker | 112; 25% (21% to 29%) Missing data=3 | 74; 24% (20 to 29%) Missing data=3 | 38; 27% (20 to 34%) Missing data=0 | 0.54 |
Inhaled β-sympathomimetic | 103; 23% (19% to 27%) Missing data=4 | 85; 28% (23% to 33% Missing data=4 | 18; 13% (8% to 19%) Missing data=0 | 0.0004 |
Nitrate | 85; 19% (16% to 23%) Missing data=4 | 51; 17% (13% to 21%) Missing data=4 | 34; 24% (18% to 31%) Missing data=0 | 0.07 |
Insulin | 66; 15% (12% to 18%) Missing data=4 | 46; 15% (11% to 19%) Missing data=4 | 20; 14% (9% to 21%) Missing data=0 | 0.79 |
Aldosterone antagonist | 54; 12% (9% to 15%) Missing data=3 | 39; 13% (9% to 17%) Missing data=3 | 15; 10% (6% to 17%) Missing data=0 | 0.51 |
Oral corticosteroid | 22; 5% (3% to 7%) Missing data=5 | 17; 6% (3% to 9%) Missing data=5 | 5; 4% (2% to 8%) Missing data=0 | 0.35 |
Home oxygen | 16: 4% (2% to 6%) Missing data=4 | 14; 5% (3% to 7%) Missing data=4 | 2; 1% (0.5% to 5%) Missing data=0 | 0.09 |
Data adjusted for missing data.
AF, atrial fibrillation; COPD, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; IHD, ischaemic heart disease; NZ, New Zealand; PE, pulmonary embolism; SE Asia, South East Asia, combined data from Malaysia, Hong Kong and Singapore.