Baseline characteristics for the overall ASCVD and non-ASCVD cohorts and subgroups
| ASCVD cohort (n=91 497) | Non-ASCVD cohort (n=92 086) | ||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Recent ACS (3%) | Other CHD (64%) | Ischaemic stroke/TIA (22%) | PAD (11%) | Total ASCVD | T2DM with CKD (12%) | T2DM without CKD (57%) | T1DM with CKD (1%) | T1DM without CKD (5%) | CKD alone (25%) | Total non-ASCVD | |
| Demographic characteristics | |||||||||||
| Age, mean, years | 67.8 | 72.8 | 73.0 | 72.3 | 72.6 | 75.7 | 67.2 | 69.7 | 57.2 | 74.6 | 69.7 |
| Male, % | 66.5 | 63.5 | 50.3 | 62.8 | 60.7 | 41.3 | 58.6 | 40.7 | 57.6 | 35.0 | 50.3 |
| SDI*, mean | 2.7 | 2.7 | 2.6 | 2.8 | 2.7 | 2.7 | 2.8 | 2.7 | 2.6 | 2.6 | 2.7 |
| Current smoker, % | 15.2 | 12.1 | 13.5 | 26.6 | 14.1 | 7.0 | 14.9 | 10.8 | 16.3 | 7.1 | 11.9 |
| BMI, mean, kg/m2 | 28.4 | 28.6 | 27.8 | 27.6 | 28.3 | 30.4 | 30.9 | 29.8 | 28.3 | 28.3 | 30.1 |
| Systolic BP, mean | 128.9 | 131.5 | 133.1 | 134.6 | 132.1 | 134.5 | 134.7 | 134.7 | 131.1 | 134.1 | 134.3 |
| Baseline clinical characteristics | |||||||||||
| Recent ACS, % | 100.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 3.4 | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A |
| Other CHD, % | 64.2 | 100.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 66.0 | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A |
| Ischaemic stroke/TIA, % | 7.6 | 10.5 | 100.0 | 0.0 | 28.6 | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A |
| PAD, % | 10.1 | 11.2 | 14.0 | 100.0 | 21.7 | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A |
| DM, % | 27.0 | 30.1 | 25.6 | 33.7 | 29.4 | 100.0 | 100.0 | 100.0 | 100.0 | 7.1 | 76.3 |
| Hypertension, % | 50.4 | 61.5 | 62.1 | 64.2 | 61.5 | 77.4 | 62.2 | 74.4 | 41.8 | 73.2 | 66.0 |
| History of CHF, % | 14.0 | 11.2 | 4.2 | 5.1 | 9.1 | 1.4 | 0.5 | 6.9 | 1.0 | 7.1 | 2.4 |
| CKD, stage III, % | 17.2 | 24.4 | 22.1 | 23.0 | 23.5 | 100.0 | 0.0 | 100.0 | 0.0 | 100.0 | 38.2 |
| CKD, stage IV–V, %‡ | 0.2 | 0.3 | 0.2 | 0.3 | 0.2 | 1.2 | 0.0 | 2.0 | 0.0 | 0.8 | 0.3 |
| Concomitant medication use§ | |||||||||||
| β-blockers, % | 81.4 | 60.1 | 23.5 | 22.4 | 48.7 | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A |
| ACEI/ARBs, % | 85 | 65.3 | 52.1 | 52.4 | 61.7 | 74.6 | 59.3 | 77.8 | 52.7 | 59.9 | 61.1 |
| Antiplatelets, %¶ | 52.5 | 13.5 | 29.7 | 15.4 | 18.5 | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A |
ASCVD subgroups represent hierarchical categorisation. Non-ASCVD categorisations have been simplified by consideration of the qualifiers QRISK2 ≥10% and age >40 years as implicit in the definitions of T2DM and T1DM, respectively, with and without CKD, and of the qualifiers without T2DM + QRISK2 ≥10% or T1DM + age >40 as implicit in the definition of CKD alone.
*Social deprivation index (SDI) as defined by the Townsend deprivation index score analysed in quintiles, 1=most affluent and 5=least affluent.
†Includes Indian, Pakistani, Bangladeshi and other South Asian individuals.
‡Stage V CKD includes end-stage renal disease and dialysis.
§Medication use on index date.
¶Clopidogrel/ticagrelor/prasugrel.
ACEI, ACE inhibitors; ACS, acute coronary syndrome; ARB, angiotensin II receptor blocker; ASCVD, atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease; BMI, Body Mass Index; BP, blood pressure; CHD, coronary heart disease; CHF, congestive heart failure; CKD, chronic kidney disease; DM, diabetes mellitus; N/A, not applicable; PAD, peripheral arterial disease; SDI, Social Deprivation Index; T1DM, type 1 diabetes mellitus; T2DM, type 2 diabetes mellitus; TIA, transient ischaemic attack.