Adjusted ORs versus clarithromycin for 14-day and 37-day all-cause mortality and CV and arrhythmia events, by first-line antibiotic monotherapy and by indication
| 14-day OR (95% CI) | 37-day OR (95% CI) | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| CV events | All-cause mortality | Arrhythmia events | CV events | All-cause mortality | Arrhythmia events | |
| Lower respiratory tract infection | ||||||
| All antibiotics combined | 0.93 (0.71 to 1.21) | 0.83 (0.72 to 0.95) | 1.01 (0.80 to 1.27) | 1.00 (0.82 to 1.22) | 0.85 (0.77 to 0.94) | 0.88 (0.76 to 1.01) |
| Amoxicillin | 0.86 (0.66 to 1.13) | 0.75 (0.65 to 0.86) | 1.01 (0.80 to 1.28) | 0.95 (0.78 to 1.16) | 0.76 (0.69 to 0.84) | 0.85 (0.73 to 0.98) |
| Erythromycin | 0.98 (0.71 to 1.37) | 0.82 (0.69 to 0.99) | 0.87 (0.64 to 1.18) | 0.98 (0.76 to 1.26) | 0.77 (0.68 to 0.89) | 0.81 (0.67 to 0.97) |
| Co-amoxiclav | 1.17 (0.80 to 1.62) | 1.28 (1.07 to 1.53) | 0.98 (0.70 to 1.36) | 1.13 (0.87 to 1.48) | 1.32 (1.17 to 1.51) | 1.05 (0.86 to 1.29) |
| Cefalexin | 1.60 (1.26 to 2.27) | 1.28 (1.06 to 1.55) | 0.96 (0.66 to 1.38) | 1.42 (1.08 to 1.86) | 1.26 (1.10 to 1.45) | 0.84 (0.66 to 1.06) |
| Doxycycline | 0.96 (0.60 to 1.54) | 0.46 (0.33 to 0.64) | 0.99 (0.67 to 1.47) | 0.92 (0.64 to 1.32) | 0.58 (0.47 to 0.72) | 0.95 (0.74 to 1.22) |
| Oxytetracycline | 0.80 (0.46 to 1.39) | 0.29 (0.17 to 0.47) | 0.76 (0.44 to 1.31) | 1.09 (0.75 to 1.59) | 0.42 (0.31 to 0.56) | 0.68 (0.48 to 0.95) |
| Other* | 1.00 (0.71 to 1.39) | 1.16 (0.98 to 1.37) | 1.15 (0.85 to 1.55) | 1.09 (0.85 to 1.40) | 1.32 (1.17 to 1.48) | 1.15 (0.96 to 1.38) |
| Upper respiratory tract infection | ||||||
| All antibiotics combined | 0.99 (0.53 to 1.86) | 1.21 (0.50 to 2.98) | 1.39 (0.80 to 2.41) | 0.82 (0.54 to 1.25) | 1.06 (0.65 to 1.74) | 0.94 (0.69 to 1.27) |
| Amoxicillin | 0.94 (0.50 to 1.80) | 0.95 (0.35 to 2.63) | 1.44 (0.81 to 2.57) | 0.79 (0.51 to 1.20) | 1.09 (0.67 to 1.80) | 0.95 (0.69 to 1.29) |
| Penicillin-V | 1.03 (0.51 to 2.08) | 1.19 (0.38 to 3.71) | 0.85 (0.45 to 1.61) | 0.76 (0.47 to 1.23) | 0.75 (0.41 to 1.34) | 0.70 (0.50 to 0.99) |
| Doxycycline | 1.07 (0.53 to 2.18) | 0.67 (0.20 to 2.33) | 1.43 (0.76 to 2.67) | 1.00 (0.62 to 1.60) | 0.84 (0.46 to 1.52) | 1.01 (0.72 to 1.42) |
| Erythromycin | 0.85 (0.41 to 1.79) | 1.16 (0.37 to 3.65) | 1.42 (0.76 to 2.68) | 0.67 (0.40 to 1.11) | 0.98 (0.55 to 1.76) | 1.04 (0.74 to 1.47) |
| Co-amoxiclav | 1.19 (0.53 to 2.18) | 0.88 (0.22 to 3.57) | 1.68 (0.83 to 3.38) | 1.17 (0.68 to 2.01) | 1. 43 (0.76 to 2.67) | 1.22 (0.83 to 1.81) |
| Cefalexin | 0.96 (0.41 to 2.24) | 0.57 (0.27 to 2.57) | 1.73 (0.86 to 3.45) | 0.84 (0.48 to 1.50) | 1.10 (0.59 to 2.05) | 1.05 (0.70 to 1.57) |
| Other† | 1.21 (0.58 to 2.49) | 1.17 (0.37 to 3.70) | 1.13 (0.57 to 2.22) | 0.95 (0.58 to 1.56) | 1.35 (0.78 to 2.35) | 0.79 (0.54 to 1.15) |
| Lower and upper respiratory tract infections combined | ||||||
| All antibiotics combined | 0.90 (0.71 to 1.15) | 0.78 (0.68 to 0.89) | 1.01 (0.82 to 1.3) | 0.93 (0.78 to 1.11) | 0.80 (0.73 to 0.89) | 0.86 (0.76 to 0.98) |
| Amoxicillin | 0.86 (0.67 to 1.10) | 0.72 (0.63 to 0.83) | 1.05 (0.84 to 1.30) | 0.90 (0.75 to 1.08) | 0.74 (0.67 to 0.82) | 0.85 (0.75 to 0.98) |
| Erythromycin | 0.92 (0.68 to 1.24) | 0.78 (0.65 to 0.96) | 0.93 (0.72 to 1.22) | 0.88 (0.71 to 1.01) | 0.73 (0.65 to 0.84) | 0.84 (0.72 to 0.99) |
| Penicillin-V | 0.79 (0.53 to 1.16) | 0.25 (0.16 to 0.40) | 0.60 (0.42 to 0.75) | 0.71 (0.53 to 0.95) | 0.29 (0.21 to 0.39) | 0.57 (0.47 to 0.71) |
| Doxycycline | 0.86 (0.61 to 1.23) | 0.34 (0.26 to 0.46) | 0.95 (0.70 to 1.27) | 0.90 (0.70 to 1.17) | 0.45 (0.37 to 0.54) | 0.86 (0.72 to 1.03) |
| Co-amoxiclav | 1.13 (0.82 to 1.57) | 1.26 (1.06 to 1.50) | 1.07 (0.79 to 1.44) | 1.13 (0.89 to 1.44) | 1.32 (1.16 to 1.49) | 1.08 (0.90 to 1.29) |
| Cefalexin | 1.41 (1.02 to 1.95) | 1.18 (0.98 to 1.42) | 1.06 (0.78 to 1.45) | 1.25 (0.98 to 1.59) | 1.17 (1.02 to 1.33) | 0.87 (0.71 to 1.06) |
| Oxytetracycline | 0.88 (0.55 to 1.40) | 0.26 (0.17 to 0.42) | 0.76 (0.48 to 1.21) | 1.00 (0.72 to 1.38) | 0.37 (0.28 to 0.50) | 0.63 (0.47 to 0.84) |
| Other‡ | 1.01 (0.75 to 1.38) | 1.15 (0.97 to 1.35) | 1.08 (0.82 to 0.42) | 1.07 (0.86 to 1.34) | 1.28 (1.14 to 1.44) | 1.07 (0.90 to 1.26) |
*Forty-six antibiotics (10 most frequently used: penicillin-V, flucloxacillin, cefradine, azithromycin, tetracycline, ampicillin, cefadroxil, ofloxacin, levofloxacin, nitrofurantoin).
†Thirty-one antibiotics (10 most frequently used: ciprofloxacin, flucloxacillin, tetracycline, cefradine, cefadroxil, azithromycin, metronidazole, nitrofurantoin, ampicillin, co-fluampicil).
‡Forty-nine antibiotics (10 most frequently used: trimethroprim, cefaclor, ciprofloxacin, flucloxacillin, cefradine, tetracycline, azithromycin, ampicillin, cefadroxil, nitrofurantoin, metronidazole).
CV, cardiovascular.