Associations between chronic symptoms and unfavourable QoL (ORs)
| Chronic symptoms | Women (n=2144) | Men (n=1973) | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Model 1† | Model 2† | Model 3† | Model 1† | Model 2† | Model 3† | |
| Joint pain | 1.8*** | 1.5** | 1.5** | 1.5** | 1.3* | 1.2 |
| Back pain | 1.9*** | 1.7*** | 1.6** | 1.4* | 1.2 | 1.1 |
| Stomach/intestine problems | 1.5* | 1.3 | 1.2 | 1.5* | 1.2 | 1.2 |
| Mental impairments | 1.2 | 1.0 | 0.9 | 1.9** | 1.6* | 1.5* |
| Urinary incontinence | 1.3 | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.7* | 1.4 | 1.3 |
| Impaired sexual life | 1.3 | 1.1 | 1.1 | 1.2 | 1.0 | 1.0 |
| Dyspnoea | 1.6* | 1.3 | 1.3 | 2.0*** | 1.7** | 1.6* |
| Swollen legs | 2.0** | 1.5 | 1.4 | 1.6* | 1.2 | 1.1 |
| Dizziness/vertigo | 1.6 | 1.2 | 1.1 | 1.8* | 1.4 | 1.3 |
| Skin problems | 1.7* | 1.5 | 1.3 | 1.0 | 0.9 | 0.9 |
| Persistent cough | 1.4 | 1.1 | 1.1 | 3.5*** | 3.0** | 3.1** |
| Chest pain | 1.8 | 1.3 | 1.2 | 5.4** | 3.9** | 4.2** |
| Number of chronic symptoms | ||||||
| 0 | Ref | Ref | ||||
| 1 | 1.4 | 1.5* | ||||
| 2 | 2.4*** | 1.7** | ||||
| 3 | 3.3*** | 2.4*** | ||||
| 4 | 2.9*** | 2.8*** | ||||
| ≥5 | 5.7*** | 5.0*** | ||||
*p<0.05; **p<0.01; ***p<0.001.
†Logistic regression; model 1: adjusted for age, canton of residence, main city, Swiss citizenship, living arrangement, children, education, financial difficulties and depressive symptoms; model 2: adjusted for covariates in model 1 and the number of other chronic symptoms; model 3: adjusted for covariates in model 2 and disability in basic activities of daily living.
QoL, quality of life.