Variables | 11-year follow-up | ||
---|---|---|---|
N (%) | ADHD % | p Value | |
IEN | 2780 | 0.003* | |
Q1 | 521 (18.7) | 5.0 | |
Q2 | 574 (20.7) | 5.6 | |
Q3 | 562 (20.2) | 3.0 | |
Q4 | 584 (21.0) | 4.1 | |
Q5 | 539 (19.4) | 1.9 | |
Maternal education level in years | 3452 | 0.003* | |
0–4 | 512 (14.8) | 6.8 | |
5–8 | 1429 (41.4) | 4.1 | |
9–11 | 1175 (34.1) | 3.2 | |
12 or over | 336 (9.7) | 3.3 | |
Paternal education level in years | 2717 | 0.004* | |
0–4 | 471 (17.3) | 5.5 | |
5–8 | 952 (35.0) | 4.5 | |
9–11 | 996 (36.7) | 3.2 | |
12 or over | 298 (11.0) | 2.0 | |
Maternal age (years) | 3483 | 0.291* | |
<20 | 660 (18.9) | 4.9 | |
20–35 | 2441 (70.1) | 3.9 | |
>35 | 382 (11.0) | 3.7 | |
Maternal marital status | 0.001† | ||
With partner | 2943 (84.5) | 3.6 | |
Without partner | 542 (15.6) | 7.0 | |
Number of cigarette smoked per day by the mother | 3485 | 0.006* | |
0 | 2618 (75.1) | 3.7 | |
1–9 | 520 (14.9) | 4.4 | |
10 or more | 347 (10.0) | 6.9 | |
Maternal passive smoke (number of cigarette smoked per day by the father) | 2917 | 0.381* | |
0 | 2458 (84.3) | 3.7 | |
1–9 | 262 (9.0) | 3.1 | |
10 or more | 197 (6.7) | 5.6 | |
Alcohol consumption by the mother during pregnancy | 3485 | 0.025† | |
No | 3372 (96.8) | 3.9 | |
Yes | 113 (3.2) | 8.8 | |
Number of antenatal care consultations | 3340 | 0.006* | |
<3 | 120 (3.6) | 5.8 | |
3–5 | 452 (13.5) | 6.4 | |
≥6 | 2768 (82.9) | 3.5 | |
Maternal mood symptoms during pregnancy | 3483 | 0.090† | |
No | 2647 (76.0) | 3.7 | |
Yes, not treated | 718 (20.6) | 5.4 | |
Yes, treated | 118 (3.4) | 5.1 | |
Maternal pre-pregnancy BMI | 2054 | 0.315* | |
Underweight | 68 (3.3) | 5.9 | |
Normal weight | 1165 (56.7) | 3.6 | |
Overweight | 566 (27.6) | 4.2 | |
Obese | 255 (12.4) | 5.5 | |
Gestational age at birth (weeks) | 3464 | 0.264* | |
<33 | 39 (1.1) | 7.7 | |
34–36 | 325 (9.4) | 4.6 | |
≥37 | 3100 (89.5) | 4.0 | |
Birth weight (grams) | 3484 | 0.956* | |
<2500 | 283 (8.1) | 4.2 | |
2500–2999 | 883 (25.4) | 4.2 | |
3000–3499 | 1395 (40.0) | 3.9 | |
≥3500 | 923 (26.5) | 4.3 | |
Sex | 3485 | <0.001† | |
Male | 1803 (51.7) | 5.8 | |
Female | 1644 (48.2) | 2.3 |
*Test for linear trend.
†Fischer exact test.
ADHD, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder; BMI, body mass index; IEN, National Economic Index; Q1, quartile 1.