Table 2

Factors associated with ≥5 phone calls to hospitals by EMS personnel at the scene

Adjusted OR95% CIp Value
Age group (versus adults)
 Children0.3750.340 to 0.414<0.001
 Elderly1.1071.061 to 1.156<0.001
Female (vs male)0.9120.876 to 0.9490.001
Foreigners2.3931.752 to 3.268<0.001
Loss of consciousness (GCS≤8)1.2341.140 to 1.336<0.001
Location (compared with home)
 Public place0.9120.871 to 0.9550.259
 Workplace0.6450.550 to 0.758<0.001
 Healthcare facility0.8340.627 to 1.1090.212
 Other0.9410.865 to 1.0230.153
Night-time (compared with daytime)2.4262.321 to 2.536<0.001
Weekends/holidays (compared with weekdays)1.3621.262 to 1.470<0.001
Reason for EMS request (compared with internal disease)
 Gynaecological disease0.2340.158 to 0.347<0.001
 Fire accident (with natural disaster)1.1370.753 to 1.7160.499
 Water accident0.4130.098 to 1.7490.230
 Traffic accident involving vehicle, ship or aircraft0.9330.870 to 1.0000.050
 Injury, poisoning and disease due to industrial accident1.4151.157 to 1.7310.001
 Disease and injury during sports1.2530.986 to 1.5940.065
 Disease and injury while watching sports1.0680.245 to 4.6600.930
 Asphyxiation1.1540.870 to 1.5320.320
 Gas poisoning not due to industrial accident and self-injury3.2811.201 to 8.9650.020
 Trauma due to assault2.6622.390 to 2.966<0.001
 Self-induced drug abuse and gas poisoning4.5273.921 to 5.228<0.001
 Self-induced trauma1.7081.369 to 2.130<0.001
 Other injury1.2141.152 to 1.279<0.001

  • EMS, emergency medical service; GCS, Glasgow Coma Scale.