Authors (reference) | Year | Study population | Sex | Age range; mean (SD) | Anthropometric measures | Virus type | Hypothesis direction | Results | Note |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Nagelkerke et al23 | 2006 | NHANES 1999–2000 | 979 Men, 1250 women | M: 34.4 (8.5), F: 33.6 (8.5) | Overweight (BMI>25), obese (BMI>30) | HSV2 | Obesity→infection | Being obese or overweight was not associated with HSV2 antibodies. | Not related in men or women |
Wee et al24 | 2008 | NHANES 1999–2004 | 3329 Women | 20–59 | Obesity (BMI≥30) | HSV2 | Obesity→infection | Higher BMI was not associated with HSV2 seropositivity after adjustment. | Not related in women |
Schooling et al17 | 2011 | NHANES III 1988–1994 | 5670 Men, 5836 women; 4561 men, 5013 women | ≥17 | SDs of abdominal obesity (WHR) and BMI | HSV1, HSV2 | Infection→obesity | ‘Childhood’ pathogens, including HSV1 were positively associated with WHR among women but not men after adjustment. | HSV1 infection was associated with abdominal obesity in women. |
Karjala et al22 | 2012 | NHANES 2007–2008 | 1536 Men | 20–49 | Obesity (BMI≥30) | HSV1 | Obesity→infection | Having a BMI classified as the obese group (BMI 30–39.9) was significantly associated with HSV1 infection before and after adjustment. | Obesity may increase the risk for HSV1 infection in men. |
Mendy et al11 | 2013 | NHANES 1999–2010 | 6674 Men, 7741 women | 20–49; 34.3 | BMI | HSV1, HSV2 | Infection→CVD | BMI was significantly higher in HSV2 seropositive participants than in those seronegative for HSV or seropositive for HSV1 (unadjusted). | HSV2 was associated with premature CVD but not HSV1 in adults (not stratified by sex). |
BMI, body mass index; CVD (self-reported) cardiovascular disease; F, females; HSV, herpes simplex virus; M, males; NHANES, National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey; WHR, waist-to-hip ratio.