Relative use of GP's healthcare, ER healthcare and combined PHC including GP and ER reported as IRRs with 95% CIs assessed with negative binomial regression models unadjusted and also adjusting for age and sex
| Use of GP | Use of ER | Use of PHC | |
|---|---|---|---|
| IRR (CI) | IRR (CI) | IRR (CI) | |
| Model 1: unadjusted results, first generation only | |||
| Non-immigrants (reference) | 1 | 1 | 1 |
| HIC | 0.70 (0.68 to 0.72) | 0.60 (0.57 to 0.63) | 0.69 (0.67 to 0.70) |
| MIC | 0.81 (0.79 to 0.82) | 0.75 (0.72 to 0.79) | 0.80 (0.78 to 0.82) |
| LIC | 0.91 (0.89 to 0.94) | 0.65 (0.61 to 0.69) | 0.88 (0.86 to 0.90) |
| Model 2: unadjusted results, second generation only | |||
| Non-immigrants (reference) | 1 | 1 | 1 |
| HIC | 1.13 (1.10 to 1.16) | 1.20 (1.13 to 1.27) | 1.14 (1.11 to 1.17) |
| MIC | 1.29 (1.28 to 1.31) | 1.65 (1.61 to 1.69) | 1.34 (1.32 to 1.36) |
| LIC | 1.59 (1.56 to 1.63) | 1.92 (1.83 to 2.01) | 1.63 (1.60 to 1.67) |
| Model 3: adjusted by age and sex, first generation only | |||
| Non-immigrants (reference) | 1 | 1 | 1 |
| HIC | 0.71 (0.69 to 0.72) | 0.61 (0.58 to 0.64) | 0.70 (0.68 to 0.71) |
| MIC | 0.87 (0.85 to 0.89) | 0.87 (0.83 to 0.91) | 0.87 (0.85 to 0.89) |
| LIC | 0.96 (0.93 to 0.98) | 0.72 (0.67 to 0.77) | 0.93 (0.90 to 0.95) |
| Model 4: adjusted by age and sex, second generation only | |||
| Non-immigrants (reference) | 1 | 1 | 1 |
| HIC | 1.03 (1.00 to 1.06) | 1.00 (0.94 to 1.06) | 1.03 (1.00 to 1.06) |
| MIC | 1.23 (1.21 to 1.24) | 1.47 (1.44 to 1.51) | 1.26 (1.25 to 1.27) |
| LIC | 1.41 (1.38 to 1.45) | 1.53 (1.46 to 1.60) | 1.43 (1.40 to 1.46) |
Categories of immigration is grouped according to country of origin of children and parents in line with the World Bank income categories into LIC, MIC and HIC for first and second generations separately.
ER, emergency room; GP, general practitioner; HIC, high-income countries; IRR, incidence risk ratio; LIC, low-income countries; MIC, middle-income countries; PHC, primary healthcare.