Table 1

Summary of surgeons and procedures

Procedural risk	Procedure	Surgeons (n)	Mortality measure	Overall mortality rate (%)	Average case volume per surgeon, n (range)
High	Upper GI cancer resection	195	30-day	2.40	23 (10–81)*
	Upper GI cancer resection	195	90-day	4.50	23 (10–81)*
	Colon cancer resection	742	90-day	3.00	55 (3–237)*
	Elective abdominal aortic aneurysm repair	417	30-day	2.20	32 (1–237)*
Low	Hip replacement	1625	90-day	0.40	48 (1–529) †
	Bariatric surgery	124	In-hospital	0.07	75 (5–160) †
	Thyroidectomy	175	In-hospital	0.08	69 (10–210)*

*Central tendency reported as median.
†Central tendency reported as mean.
GI, gastrointestinal.