Table 4

Caregiving differences among the participants

		Objective burden
Variables	n (%)	Mean±SD	t/F	p Value	ES
Characteristics of the patient
Gender
Male	84	29.43±6.71	−0.078	0.938
Female	62	29.52±6.65
Marital status
Married	72	29.63±7.05	0.505	0.680
Single	46	29.59±5.98
Divorced	21	28.05±6.93
Widowed	7	31.29±6.73
Education
Illiterate	8	31.50±4.81	1.107	0.349
Elementary	46	28.41±6.22
Junior	46	30.57±7.21
Secondary and above	46	29.07±6.74
Employment
Yes	47	28.51±6.88	1.195	0.234
No	99	29.92±6.54
History of self-injury
No	119	28.57±6.13	−3.574	0.000	0.06
Yes	27	33.44±7.55
Side effects of medication
No	86	29.17±5.16	−0.631	0.529
Yes	60	29.88±8.39
Family support
Dissatisfied	58	27.55±5.30	2.889	0.004	0.16
Satisfied	88	30.73±7.18
Support from friends
Dissatisfied	70	28.71±6.77	−1.311	0.192
Satisfied	76	30.16±6.53
Medical staff support
Dissatisfied	29	30.24±6.97	0.699	0.486
Satisfied	117	29.27±6.60
Religious activities
None or not frequent	90	29.69±6.86	0.512	0.610
Regular	56	29.10±6.38
Characteristics of caregivers
Gender
Male	76	28.90±6.64	−1.080	0.282
Female	70	30.09±6.68
Marital status
Married	106	28.51±6.52	3.224	0.025	0.06
Single	25	32.64±6.75
Divorced	7	32.43±1.72
Widowed	8	29.63±8.03
Education
Illiterate	27	28.67±6.00	5.647	0.001	0.11
Elementary	55	34.59±6.65
Junior	22	28.73±5.89
Secondary and above	42	28.26±7.01
Employment
Yes	97	29.57±6.76	0.258	0.797
No	49	29.27±6.54
Kinship with the patient
Parents	73	28.67±7.16	1.999	0.117
Spouse	29	30.66±5.65
Sibling	17	27.59±6.15
Other*	27	31.52±6.18
Monthly household income
Low income	97	32.02±6.23	7.727	0.000	1.15
	49	24.40±4.16