Characteristics of the study patients with orbital wall fracture
| Total | Elderly group | Non-elderly group | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Variable | (N=1378) | (N=146) | (N=1232) | p Value |
| Age (mean±SD) | 41.4±16.8 | 74.0±6.6 | 37.5±13.1 | <0.001 |
| Gender, males | 1094 (79.4%) | 90 (61.6%) | 1004 (81.5%) | <0.001 |
| Mechanism of injury | ||||
| Fall from a height | 78 (5.7%) | 11 (7.5%) | 67 (5.4%) | 0.3 |
| Ground-level fall | 287 (20.8%) | 64 (43.8%) | 223 (18.1%) | <0.001 |
| Motor vehicle accident | 297 (21.6%) | 38 (26.0%) | 259 (21.0%) | 0.164 |
| Violence | 466 (33.8%) | 7 (4.8%) | 459 (37.3%) | <0.001 |
| Other cause | 250 (18.1%) | 26 (17.8%) | 224 (18.2%) | 0.912 |
| Signs and symptoms | ||||
| Diplopia | 122 (8.9%) | 7 (4.8%) | 115 (9.3%) | 0.068 |
| Ecchymosis | 533 (38.7%) | 51 (34.9%) | 482 (39.1%) | 0.325 |
| Emphysema | 294 (21.3%) | 30 (20.5%) | 264 (21.4%) | 0.806 |
| Enophthalmos | 28 (2.0%) | 3 (2.1%) | 25 (2.0%) | 0.983 |
| Periorbital swelling | 1131 (82.1%) | 115 (78.8%) | 1016 (82.5%) | 0.27 |
| Type of orbital wall fracture | ||||
| Medial wall | 861 (62.5%) | 72 (49.3%) | 789 (64.0%) | 0.001 |
| Lateral wall | 191 (13.9%) | 35 (24.0%) | 156 (12.7%) | <0.001 |
| Superior wall | 171 (12.4%) | 25 (17.1%) | 146 (11.9%) | 0.068 |
| Inferior wall | 710 (51.5%) | 72 (49.3%) | 638 (51.8%) | 0.572 |
| Multiple orbital wall fractures | 444 (32.2%) | 44 (30.1%) | 400 (32.5%) | 0.569 |
| Associated facial bone fracture | 674 (48.9%) | 85 (58.2%) | 589 (47.8%) | 0.017 |
| Frontal bone | 146 (10.6%) | 16 (11.0%) | 130 (10.6%) | 0.88 |
| Mandible | 34 (2.5%) | 10 (6.8%) | 24 (2.1%) | 0.023 |
| Maxilla | 376 (27.3%) | 59 (40.4%) | 317 (25.7%) | <0.001 |
| Nasal bone | 340 (24.7%) | 25 (17.1%) | 315 (25.6%) | 0.025 |
| Zygoma | 276 (20.0%) | 49 (33.6%) | 227 (18.4%) | <0.001 |
| Multiple facial bone fractures | 338 (24.5%) | 52 (35.6%) | 286 (23.2%) | 0.03 |