Duration of sitting time (hours/day) | Tertile 1 (2.2–5.0 h) | Tertile 2 (5.0–6.9 h) | Tertile 3 (>7.1 h) | F/χ2 | p Value |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Participants (number) | 677 | 695 | 682 | ||
Sitting time (hours/day) | 4.4±0.6 | 5.9±0.5* | 7.7±0.8*† | 9.32 | <0.001 |
Age (years) | 57.7±6.6 | 57.3±6.0 | 56.8±5.5 | 2.384 | 0.093 |
BMI (kg/m2) | 22.92±1.94 | 22.79±2.03 | 23.13±2.08*† | 4.027 | 0.024 |
WHR | 0.85±0.05 | 0.87±0.05 | 0.89±0.09*† | 3.99 | 0.03 |
SBP (mm Hg) | 124±16 | 123±16 | 124±15 | 0.227 | 0.797 |
DBP (mm Hg) | 76±7.9 | 76±8.0 | 77±8.0 | 0.562 | 0.57 |
TC (mmol/L) | 4.28±0.76 | 4.53±0.79* | 4.84±0.84*† | 2.69 | 0.043 |
HDL-C (mmol/L) | 1.31±0.17 | 1.29±0.19 | 1.25±0.24*† | 9.517 | <0.001 |
LDL-C (mmol/L) | 2.57±0.39 | 2.64±0.43* | 2.77±0.43*† | 14.01 | <0.001 |
TG (mmol/L)‡ | 1.04 (0.81–1.35) | 1.39 (1.13–1.71)* | 1.58 (1.10–1.86)*† | 9.22 | <0.001 |
Cr (μmol/L)‡ | 58 (52–68) | 61 (55–70) | 59 (54–72) | 0.383 | 0.227 |
ALAT (U/L)‡ | 16 (13–23) | 18 (14–25)* | 20 (15–27)*† | 7.12 | 0.001 |
ASAT (U/L)‡ | 19 (15–25) | 21 (17–28) | 23 (17–30)*† | 3.35 | 0.029 |
ASAT/ALAT‡ | 1.13 (0.96–1.36) | 1.14 (1.05–1.29) | 1.13 (1.04–1.20) | 2.29 | 0.133 |
GGT (U/L) | 22.0±7.4 | 23.0±8.7* | 24.0±9.6*† | 9.52 | <0.001 |
FPG (mmol/L) | 5.6±0.5 | 5.7±0.9 | 6.0±0.9*† | 7.231 | 0.001 |
2-hPG (mmol/L) | 6.8±2.5 | 6.9±1.7* | 7.4±2.0*† | 6.028 | 0.004 |
HbA1c (%) | 5.4±0.6 | 5.5±0.7 | 5.7±0.8*† | 7.93 | <0.001 |
FINS (mU/mL) | 5.5±1.0 | 5.6±0.8* | 6.0±1.2 | 1.02 | 0.067 |
HOMA-IR | 1.41±0.36 | 1.43±0.35 | 1.58±0.39*† | 13.09 | <0.001 |
MET (hours/week) | 44.7±14.3 | 38.0±11.7 | 26.7±12.4*† | 2.59 | 0.041 |
hsCRP (mg/L) | 0.79±0.14 | 0.92±0.17 | 1.13±0.23 | 2.718 | 0.011 |
FLI‡ | 16.7(6.9–33.2) | 18.6(7.5–36.8)* | 23.1(8.2–39.3)*† | 3.58 | 0.017 |
Total energy (kcal/day)‡ | 2783.7 (2572.6–2912.4) | 2812.5 (2541.9–3139.7) | 2817.3 (2552.6–3228.1) | 1.93 | 0.051 |
Carbohydrates (%)‡ | 47.2 (32.8–54.1) | 46.8 (34.7–57.2) | 47.1 (34.6–59.3) | 0.72 | 0.249 |
Proteins (%)‡ | 15.9 (14.8–16.6) | 16.3 (14.2–17.5) | 16.1 (14.1–17.3) | 0.34 | 0.177 |
Lipids (%)‡ | 36.9 (28.9–44.1) | 36.9 (28.9–43.7) | 36.8 (28.3–44.5) | 0.432 | 0.098 |
Manual work (%) | 70.8 | 66.1 | 61.3 | 2.131 | 0.043 |
Office work (%) | 29.2 | 33.9 | 38.7 | 3.295 | 0.024 |
Past smokers (%) | 36.1 | 30.2 | 32.6 | 0.871 | 0.929 |
Current smokers (%) | 63.9 | 69.8 | 67.4 | 0.724 | 0.833 |
Past drinkers (%) | 47.7 | 46.8 | 43.6 | 2.98 | 0.056 |
Current drinkers (%) | 52.3 | 53.2 | 56.4 | 1.79 | 0.271 |
Married (%) | 84.1 | 87.8 | 80.1 | 2.452 | 0.874 |
Divorced (%) | 3.6 | 3.1 | 2.8 | 1.926 | 0.375 |
Single (%)§ | 12.3 | 9.2 | 17 | 0.947 | 0.826 |
Level of education (%) | – | – | – | 2.29 | 0.042 |
Elementary or below | 46.6 | 50.5 | 47.5 | ||
Junior high school | 37.2 | 32.2 | 31.6 | ||
High school | 13.7 | 13.6 | 16.7 | ||
University | 2.5 | 3.7 | 4.3 | ||
Income (yuan/month) | – | – | – | 1.15 | 0.215 |
<3000 (%) | 34.3 | 31.9 | 28.1 | ||
3000–5000 (%) | 22 | 24.1 | 24.1 | ||
>5000 (%) | 43.7 | 44.1 | 47.7 |
Data were expressed as means±SD for normally distributed parameters, median (IQR 25–75%) for abnormally distributed parameters and proportions for categorical variables. For intergroup comparison analysis, non-normally distributed parameters (including TG, ALAT, ASAT, Cr, AFI, total energy intake and its components) were logarithmically transformed. Differences between multiple groups were tested by ANOVA for continuous variables, and χ2 test was used to test the differences in the distribution of categorical variables.
*p<0.05 compared with tertile 1 (2.2–5.0 h).
†p<0.05 compared with tertile 2 (2.2–5.0 h).
‡Non-normally distributed parameter.
§‘Single people’ include male participants who are unmarried or windowed.
2-hPG, 2 hour postchallenge plasma glucose; ALAT, alanine aminotransferase; ANOVA, analysis of variance; ASAT, aspartate aminotransferase; BMI, body mass index; Cr, creatinine; DBP, diastolic blood pressure; F/χ2, differences between groups were tested using ANOVA for continuous variables and the χ2 test for categorical variables; FINS, fasting serum insulin; FLI, fatty liver index; FPG, fasting plasma glucose; GGT, γ-glutamyl transpeptidase; HbA1c, glycated haemoglobin; HDL-C, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol; HOMA-IR, homoeostasis model assessment for insulin resistance; hsCRP, high-sensitive C reactive protein; LDL-C, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol; MET, metabolic equivalent; SBP, systolic blood pressure; TC, total cholesterol; TG, triglyceride; WHR, waist-to-hip ratio.