Associations between sleep duration and risk of hypertension in middle-aged and elderly Chinese by gender and age groups (CHARLS 2011–2012)
| Sleep duration category (hours/night) | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Subpopulation | <6 | 6–7 (≥6 and <7) | 7–8 (≥7 and <8) | 8–9 (≥8 and <9) | ≥9 |
| Male ≥45 and <60 years | n=516 | n=482 | n=493 | n=517 | n=165 |
| Model 1† | 1.42 (1.01 to 1.99)* | 1.66 (1.06 to 2.61)* | Reference | 2.00 (1.08 to 3.69)* | 1.19 (0.79 to 1.91) |
| Model 2‡ | 1.74 (1.21 to 2.49)* | 1.78 (1.18 to 2.71)* | Reference | 2.19 (1.24 to 3.85)* | 1.43 (0.85 to 2.42) |
| Model 3§ | 1.68 (1.17 to 2.42)* | 1.69 (1.11 to 2.59)* | Reference | 2.21 (1.29 to 3.80)* | 1.45 (0.85 to 2.48) |
| Male ≥60 years | n=641 | n=449 | n=348 | n=484 | n=179 |
| Model 1† | 1.17 (0.85 to 1.62) | 1.19 (0.85 to 1.65) | Reference | 1.07 (0.66 to 1.73) | 0.88 (0.58 to 1.34) |
| Model 2‡ | 1.25 (0.90 to 1.73) | 1.28 (0.92 to 1.80) | Reference | 1.07 (0.66 to 1.74) | 0.96 (0.63 to 1.46) |
| Model 3§ | 1.24 (0.89 to 1.72) | 1.28 (0.91 to 1.80) | Reference | 1.07 (0.66 to 1.71) | 0.94 (0.62 to 1.43) |
| Female ≥45 and <60 years | n=728 | n=591 | n=587 | n=595 | n=227 |
| Model 1† | 1.07 (0.80 to 1.42) | 1.24 (0.75 to 2.05) | Reference | 1.06 (0.79 to 1.42) | 1.34 (0.91 to 1.96) |
| Model 2‡ | 1.13 (0.84 to 1.53) | 1.17 (0.73 to 1.87) | Reference | 1.06 (0.77 to 1.46) | 1.57 (1.04 to 2.37)* |
| Model 3§ | 1.11 (0.82 to 1.49) | 1.16 (0.74 to 1.82) | Reference | 1.03 (0.75 to 1.42) | 1.55 (1.02 to 2.35)* |
| Female ≥60 years | n=808 | n=381 | n=334 | n=385 | n=176 |
| Model 1† | 0.94 (0.62 to 1.43) | 0.78 (0.54 to 1.13) | Reference | 0.85 (0.59 to 1.23) | 0.96 (0.62 to 1.48) |
| Model 2‡ | 0.98 (0.62 to 1.57) | 0.82 (0.56 to 1.19) | Reference | 0.87 (0.61 to 1.25) | 1.01 (0.64 to 1.59) |
| Model 3§ | 0.97 (0.61 to 1.54) | 0.82 (0.56 to 1.21) | Reference | 0.88 (0.61 to 1.27) | 1.00 (0.62 to 1.59) |
| Pre-menopause | n=277 | n=222 | n=255 | n=289 | n=107 |
| Model 1† | 0.98 (0.63 to 1.52) | 1.72 (0.68 to 4.40) | Reference | 1.02 (0.65 to 1.60) | 1.04 (0.57 to 1.92) |
| Model 2‡ | 1.08 (0.66 to 1.77) | 1.41 (0.63 to 3.14) | Reference | 1.10 (0.68 to 1.80) | 1.24 (0.65 to 2.38) |
| Model 3§ | 1.02 (0.63 to 1.64) | 1.32 (0.65 to 2.68) | Reference | 1.10 (0.68 to 1.81) | 1.24 (0.63 to 2.41) |
| Post-menopause | n=1245 | n=735 | n=649 | n=680 | n=290 |
| Model 1† | 1.05 (0.79 to 1.40) | 0.86 (0.66 to 1.13) | Reference | 0.97 (0.75 to 1.27) | 1.20 (0.86 to 1.68) |
| Model 2‡ | 1.08 (0.78 to 1.50) | 0.88 (0.67 to 1.15) | Reference | 0.98 (0.75 to 1.28) | 1.31 (0.92 to 1.85) |
| Model 3§ | 1.07 (0.77 to 1.48) | 0.88 (0.67 to 1.16) | Reference | 0.97 (0.74 to 1.27) | 1.29 (0.91 to 1.84) |
Values are OR (95% CI).
†OR adjusted for age groups and gender.
‡OR adjusted for covariates in model 1 plus BMI categories, smoking, drinking habits, the highest level of education, marital status, region of residence, medical insurance, regular siesta.
§OR adjusted for covariates in model 2 plus diabetes status, dyslipidaemia and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein.
*p<0.05.
BMI, body mass index; CHARLS, China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study; n, number of subjects analysed.