Sociodemographic characteristics, physical activities and vitamin D levels of the adolescents
| Characteristics/variables | Total adolescents n (%) | Male n (%) | Female n (%) |
|---|---|---|---|
| Ethnicity | |||
| Malay | 1091 (80.2) | 420 (80.0) | 671 (80.3) |
| Chinese | 105 (7.7) | 42 (8.0) | 63 (7.5) |
| Indians | 105 (7.7) | 34 (6.5) | 71 (8.5) |
| Others | 41 (3.0) | 17 (3.2) | 24 (2.9) |
| Place of residence | |||
| Urban | 723 (53.1) | 240 (45.7) | 483 (57.8) |
| Rural | 638 (46.9) | 285 (54.3) | 353 (42.2) |
| BMI | |||
| Underweight | 286 (21.0) | 103 (19.6) | 183 (21.9) |
| Normal | 738 (54.2) | 282 (53.7) | 456 (54.5) |
| Overweight | 210 (15.4) | 82 (15.6) | 128 (15.3) |
| Obese | 116 (8.5) | 56 (10.7) | 60 (7.2) |
| Physical activity | |||
| Active | 858 (63.0) | 232 (44.2) | 626 (74.9) |
| Inactive | 482 (35.4) | 280 (53.3) | 202 (24.2) |
| Vitamin D levels (n=1361) | |||
| Severe deficiency 25(OH)D<12.5 nmol/L | 20 (1.5) | 2 (0.4) | 18 (2.2) |
| Deficiency 12.15≤25(OH)D <37.5 nmol/L | 1053 (77.4) | 297 (56.6) | 756 (90.4) |
| Insufficiency 37.5≤25(OH)D ≤50 nmol/L | 187 (13.7) | 135 (25.7) | 52 (6.2) |
| Sufficient 25(OH)D>50 nmol/L) | 101 (7.4) | 91 (17.3) | 10 (1.2) |
25(OH)D, 25-hydroxyvitamin D; BMI, body mass index.