Summary of studies included in the meta-analyses by outcomes
| Outcomes | Type of analyses in original studies | Number of studies (population) | Summary effect size and 95% CI | Q statistics and p value | I2 | Trim-and-fill adjusted effect size | Fail-safe N |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Depressive symptoms | Univariate | 22 (24) | r: 0.40 (0.35 to 0.45)*** | 104.07*** | 77.90 | 0.33 (0.27 to 0.39) | 4774 |
| Multivariate | 9 (9) | β: 0.39 (0.21 to 0.58)*** | 185.29*** | 95.68 | |||
| Emotional and mental distress | Univariate | 4 (4) | r: 0.48 (0.43 to 0.54)*** | 2.96 | 0.00 | ||
| Anxiety | Univariate | 6 (6) | r: 0.32 (0.22 to 0.41)*** | 13.27* | 62.31 | ||
| Multivariate | 2 (2) | OR: 1.09 (1.01 to 1.17)* | 4.92* | 79.67 | |||
| Overall quality of life | Univariate | 2 (2) | r: −0.26 (−0.45 to −0.06)* | 5.09* | 80.37 | ||
| Multivariate | 3 (3) | β: −0.25 (−0.53 to 0.04) | 9.27* | 78.43 | |||
| Physical health | Univariate | 10 (12) | r: −0.19 (−0.26 to −0.11)*** | 111.54*** | 90.14 | −0.19 (−0.26 to −0.11) | 318 |
| Social support | Univariate | 14 (16) | r: −0.28 (−0.36 to −0.20)*** | 104.85*** | 85.69 | −0.28 (−0.36 to −0.20) | 1125 |
| Multivariate | 2 (2) | β: −0.31 (−0.56 to −0.06)* | 2.22 | 55.02 | |||
| ARV adherence | Univariate | 6 (6) | r: −0.08 (−0.17 to 0.01) | 27.65*** | 81.92 | ||
| Multivariate | 7 (7) | OR: 0.68 (0.53 to 0.87)*** | 7.93 | 24.30 | |||
| Access and use of health and social services | Univariate | 4 (4) | r: −0.08 (−0.20 to 0.04) | 24.92*** | 87.96 | ||
| Multivariate | 9 (9) | OR: 0.79 (0.68 to 0.93)** | 32.69*** | 75.52 | |||
| Risk behaviours | Univariate | 2 (2) | r: 0.08 (−0.03 to 0.20) | 1.53 | 34.75 | ||
| Multivariate | 1(1) | OR: 1.06 (1.00 to 1.13) |
*p<0.05, **p<0.01, ***p<0.001.