Total | No cognitive impairment (NCI) | Cognitive impairment (CI) | p Value | |
---|---|---|---|---|
N | 102 | 42 | 60 | |
Sex, male (%) | 68/102 (66.67) | 29/42 (69.05) | 39/60 (65.00) | 0.77 |
Age, year, mean (SD)* | 53.95 (11.43) | 47.70 (10.49) | 58.25 (10.04) | <0.001** |
NIHSS at admission | 0.46 | |||
Median (IQR) | 1.00 (2.00) | 1.00 (3.00) | 2.00 (2.00) | |
Premorbid mRS median (IQR) | 0.05 (0.34) | 0.04 (0.19) | 0.05 (0.29) | 0.76 |
Baseline mRS median (IQR) | 1.00 (1.00) | 1.00 (1.00) | 1.00 (1.00) | 0.19 |
Education* | 0.02* | |||
Primary school and below (%) | 12/102 (11.76) | 3/42 (7.14) | 9/60 (15.00) | |
Middle and high school (%) | 74/102 (72.55) | 28/42 (66.67) | 46/60 (76.67) | |
Bachelor and above (%) | 16/102 (15.69) | 11/42 (26.19) | 5/60 (8.33) | |
Stroke classification* | 0.046* | |||
LAA (%) | 30/80 (37.50) | 10/32 (31.25) | 20/48 (41.67) | |
CE (%) | 4/80 (5.00) | 3/32 (9.38) | 1/48 (2.08) | |
SAO (%) | 38/80 (47.50) | 13/32 (40.63) | 25/48 (52.08) | |
OC (%) | 4/80 (5.00) | 3/32 (9.37) | 1/48 (2.08) | |
UND (%) | 4/80 (5.00) | 3/32 (9.37) | 1/48 (2.08) | |
TIA (%) | 22/102 (21.57) | 10/42 (23.81) | 12/60 (20.00) | 0.56 |
Medical history, n (%) | ||||
Number of risk factors, mean (SD) | 4.57 (2.03) | 4.12 (1.84) | 4.88 (2.11) | 0.55 |
Hypertension* (%) | 68/102 (66.67) | 23/42 (54.76) | 45/60 (75.00) | 0.03* |
Impaired glucose regulation (%) | 34/102 (33.33) | 15/42 (35.71) | 19/60 (31.67) | 0.18 |
Hyperlipidaemia (%) | 79/102 (77.45) | 35/42 (83.33) | 44/60 (73.33) | 0.54 |
Atrial fibrillation (%) | 8/102 (7.84) | 3/42 (7.14) | 5/60 (8.33) | 0.72 |
Coronary heart disease (%) | 12/102 (11.76) | 5/42 (11.90) | 7/60 (11.67) | 0.99 |
Hyperhomocysteinaemia (%) | 28/102 (27.45) | 10/42 (23.81) | 18/60 (30.00) | 0.65 |
Peripheral arterial disease (%) | 21/102 (20.59) | 7/42 (16.67) | 14/60 (23.33) | 0.47 |
Current or ever drinking (%) | 73/102 (71.57) | 31/42 (73.81) | 42/60 (70.00) | 0.82 |
Current or ever smoking (%) | 69/102 (67.65) | 31/42 (73.81) | 38/60 (63.33) | 0.81 |
Family history of stroke (%) | 30/79 (37.97) | 9/32 (28.13) | 21/47 (44.68) | 0.16 |
Prior subcortical stroke or TIA (%) | 15/102 (14.71) | 4/42 (9.52) | 11/60 (18.33) | 0.27 |
Anterior circulation (%) | 57/102 (55.88) | 19/42 (45.24) | 38/60 (63.33) | 0.11 |
Posterior circulation (%) | 45/102 (44.12) | 23/42 (54.76) | 22/60 (36.67) | 0.07 |
Functional status | ||||
mRS score | 0.00 (0.00∼1.00) | 1.00 (1.00∼2.00) | 1.00 (0.00–3.00) | 0.99 |
Instrumental ADL | 8.85 (3.08) | 8.08 (0.47) | 9.49 (0.58) | 0.019* |
Basic ADL | 5.57 (2.58) | 5.88 (0.95) | 5.37 (0.42) | 0.23 |
Mild stroke and TIA patients were divided into cognitive impairment group and no cognitive impairment group according to a battery of neurological tests, including Auditory Verbal Learning Test, Animal Fluency Test, Symbol Digital Modalities Test, Trail Making Test, Stroop Color-Word Test, Rey-Osterrieth Complex Figure Test and Boston Naming Test.
*p<0.05; **p<0.01.
basic ADL, basic activities of daily living; CE, cardioembolism; HAMD, Hamilton depression scale; instrumental ADL, instrumental activities of daily living; LAA, large artery atherosclerosis; mRS, Modified Rankin Scale; NIHSS, National Institute of Health Stroke Scale; OC, stroke of other determined cause; SAO, small artery occlusion; TIA, transient ischaemic attack; UND, undetermined aetiology.