Participant characteristics according to frequency of food consumption status (2011 data)
| Number (%) | ||||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Total | Rice and bread | Fish | Meat | Vegetables (non-juice) | Vegetable juice | |||||||||||
| Daily | 5–6 times/week or less | p value* | 3–4 times/week or more | 1–2 times/week or less | p value* | 3–4 times/week or more | 1–2 times/week or less | p value* | Daily | 5–6 times/week or less | p value* | Less than once/week or more | Never | p value* | ||
| Sex (n=63 047) | ||||||||||||||||
| Men | 27 901 | 26 375 (44.2) | 1526 (45.3) | 0.10 | 14 597 (43.9) | 13 304 (44.6) | 0.045 | 16 454 (42.7) | 11 447 (46.8) | <0.001 | 16 620 (39.6) | 11 447 (46.8) | <0.001 | 14 754 (44.3) | 13 151 (44.1) | 0.31 |
| Age (years) (n=63 047) | ||||||||||||||||
| 15–44 | 20 384 | 18 699 (31.3) | 1685 (50.1) | <0.001 | 7087 (21.3) | 13 297 (44.6) | <0.001 | 15 367 (39.8) | 5017 (20.5) | <0.001 | 11 560 (27.6) | 8824 (41.8) | <0.001 | 10 795 (32.5) | 9589 (32.2) | <0.001 |
| 45–54 | 8923 | 8410 (14.1) | 513 (15.2) | 4130 (12.4) | 4793 (16.1) | 5585 (14.5) | 3338 (13.6) | 5217 (12.4) | 3706 (17.6) | 4401 (13.2) | 4522 (15.2) | |||||
| 55–64 | 14 504 | 13 871 (23.2) | 633 (18.8) | 8781 (26.4) | 5723 (19.2) | 7704 (20.0) | 6800 (27.8) | 9819 (23.4) | 4685 (22.2) | 7564 (22.7) | 6940 (23.3) | |||||
| 65–74 | 10 378 | 10 076 (16.9) | 302 (9.0) | 7246 (21.8) | 3132 (10.5) | 5322 (13.8) | 5056 (20.7) | 8177 (19.5) | 2201 (10.4) | 5808 (17.5) | 4570 (15.3) | |||||
| ≧75 | 8858 | 8626 (14.5) | 232 (6.9) | 5980 (18.0) | 2878 (9.7) | 4596 (11.9) | 4262 (17.4) | 7185 (17.1) | 1673 (7.9) | 4691 (14.1) | 4157 (14.0) | |||||
| Drinking status (n=62 343) | ||||||||||||||||
| Once or more per month | 27 734 | 25 906 (43.9) | 1828 (54.8) | <0.001 | 14 744 (45.0) | 12 990 (43.9) | <0.001 | 16 915 (44.3) | 10 819 (44.8) | <0.001 | 17 504 (42.2) | 10 230 (48.9) | <0.001 | 14 332 (443.6) | 13 402 (45.4) | <0.001 |
| Smoking status (n=61 933) | ||||||||||||||||
| Current | 13 402 | 12 333 (21.0) | 1069 (32.3) | <0.001 | 5895 (18.1) | 7507 (25.5) | <0.001 | 8430 (22.2) | 4972 (20.7) | <0.001 | 7106 (17.3) | 6296 (30.3) | <0.001 | 6428 (19.7) | 6974 (23.8) | <0.001 |
| Health condition (n=62 009) | ||||||||||||||||
| Poor/very poor | 11 547 | 10 716 (18.2) | 831 (25.1) | <0.001 | 6324 (19.4) | 5223 (17.8) | <0.001 | 6404 (16.9) | 5143 (21.4) | <0.001 | 7614 (18.5) | 3933 (18.9) | <0.001 | 6223 (19.0) | 5324 (18.2) | 0.01 |
| History of mental illness (n=61 239) | ||||||||||||||||
| Yes | 3406 | 3129 (5.4) | 277 (8.6) | <0.001 | 1767 (5.5) | 1639 (5.7) | 0.16 | 1929 (5.1) | 1477 (6.2) | <0.001 | 2171 (5.3) | 1235 (6.0) | <0.001 | 1852 (5.7) | 1554 (5.4) | 0.02 |
| History of other illness (n=63 047) | ||||||||||||||||
| Yes | 62 912 | 59 566 (99.8) | 3346 (99.4) | <0.001 | 33 156 (99.8) | 29 756 (99.8) | 0.32 | 38 496 (99.8) | 24 416 (99.8) | 0.23 | 41 882 (99.8) | 21 030 (99.7) | 0.01 | 33 178 (99.8) | 29 734 (99.8) | 0.06 |
| Leisure-time physical activity (n=62 150) | ||||||||||||||||
| Almost never | 33 060 | 31 082 (52.8) | 1978 (59.5) | <0.001 | 15 152 (46.4) | 17 908 (60.6) | <0.001 | 20 875 (54.8) | 12 185 (50.6) | <0.001 | 19 812 (48.0) | 13 248 (63.4) | <0.001 | 16 010 (48.9) | 17 050 (58.0) | <0.001 |
| Sleeping habits (n=52 474) | ||||||||||||||||
| Very dissatisfied or have not slept at all | 2254 | 2000 (4.0) | 254 (8.9) | <0.001 | 1116 (4.1) | 1138 (4.5) | <0.001 | 1255 (3.9) | 999 (5.0) | <0.001 | 1370 (4.0) | 884 (5.0) | <0.001 | 1222 (4.4) | 1032 (4.1) | <0.001 |
| Educational attainment (n=60 998) | ||||||||||||||||
| University/graduate school | 5457 | 5096 (8.8) | 361 (11.2) | <0.001 | 2596 (8.1) | 2861 (9.9) | <0.001 | 3697 (9.9) | 1760 (7.5) | <0.001 | 3749 (9.2) | 1708 (8.3) | <0.001 | 3030 (9.4) | 2427 (8.4) | <0.001 |
| Experiences of the Great East Japan Earthquake | ||||||||||||||||
| Earthquake (n=63 047) | ||||||||||||||||
| Yes | 61 014 | 57 769 (96.8) | 3245 (96.4) | 0.14 | 32 055 (96.5) | 28 959 (97.1) | <0.001 | 37 421 (97.0) | 23 593 (96.4) | <0.001 | 40 596 (96.8) | 20 418 (96.8) | 0.68 | 32 143 (96.6) | 28 871 (96.9) | 0.03 |
| Tsunami (n=63 047) | ||||||||||||||||
| Yes | 12 435 | 11 690 (19.6) | 745 (22.1) | <0.001 | 6767 (20.4) | 5668 (19.0) | <0.001 | 7350 (19.1) | 5085 (20.8) | <0.001 | 8074 (19.2) | 4361 (20.7) | <0.001 | 6868 (20.7) | 5567 (18.7) | <0.001 |
| Nuclear reactor accident (n=63 047) | ||||||||||||||||
| Yes | 32 846 | 30 880 (51.7) | 1966 (58.4) | <0.001 | 17 967 (54.1) | 14 879 (49.9) | <0.001 | 19 661 (51.0) | 13 185 (53.9) | <0.001 | 22 108 (52.7) | 10 738 (50.9) | <0.001 | 17 655 (53.1) | 15 191 (51.0) | <0.001 |
| None (n=63 047) | ||||||||||||||||
| Yes | 696 | 663 (1.1) | 33 (1.0) | 0.27 | 378 (1.1) | 318 (1.1) | 0.21 | 402 (1.0) | 294 (1.2) | 0.03 | 480 (1.1) | 216 (1.0) | 0.18 | 396 (1.2) | 300 (1.0) | 0.02 |
| Living arrangements (n=63 047) | ||||||||||||||||
| Evacuation shelter or temporary housing | 6599 | 6206 (10.4) | 393 (11.7) | <0.01 | 3598 (10.8) | 3001 (10.1) | <0.001 | 3659 (9.5) | 2940 (12.0) | <0.001 | 4175 (10.0) | 2424 (11.5) | <0.001 | 3662 (11.0) | 2937 (9.9) | <0.001 |
| Changes in work situation (n=60 077) | ||||||||||||||||
| Yes | 32 118 | 30 074 (52.9) | 2044 (63.0) | <0.001 | 16 160 (51.5) | 15 958 (55.7) | <0.001 | 19 970 (54.2) | 12 148 (52.2) | <0.001 | 20 634 (51.9) | 11 484 (56.5) | <0.001 | 16 981 (53.7) | 15 137 (53.2) | 0.08 |
| Loss of employment (n=63 047) | ||||||||||||||||
| Yes | 12 702 | 11 812 (19.8) | 890 (26.4) | <0.001 | 6408 (19.3) | 6294 (21.1) | <0.001 | 7887 (20.4) | 4815 (19.7) | <0.01 | 8285 (19.7) | 4417 (20.9) | <0.001 | 6569 (19.8) | 6133 (20.6) | 0.01 |
| Decreased income (n=63 047) | ||||||||||||||||
| Yes | 11 513 | 10 829 (18.1) | 684 (20.3) | <0.001 | 5789 (17.4) | 5724 (19.2) | <0.001 | 7178 (18.6) | 4335 (17.7) | <0.001 | 7235 (17.2) | 4278 (20.3) | <0.001 | 6063 (18.2) | 5450 (18.3) | 0.42 |
| Death of someone close (n=62 081) | ||||||||||||||||
| Yes | 12 006 | 11 287 (19.2) | 719 (21.8) | <0.001 | 6602 (20.2) | 5404 (18.4) | <0.001 | 7264 (19.1) | 4742 (19.7) | 0.04 | 8092 (19.6) | 3914 (18.8) | 0.03 | 6574 (20.1) | 5432 (18.5) | <0.001 |
| Fruits (non-juice) | Fruit juice | Soya bean products | Milk | Yogurt and lactobacillus drinks | |||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1–2 times/week or more | Less than once/week or never | p value* | Less than once/week or more | Never | p value* | Daily | 5–6 times/week or less | p value* | 1–2 times/week or more | Less than once/week or never | p value* | 1–2 times/week or more | Less than once/week or never | p value* | |
| Sex (n=63 047) | |||||||||||||||
| Men | 17 332 (38.9) | 10 569 (57.0) | <0.001 | 16 397 (44.3) | 11 504 (44.2) | 0.48 | 21 517 (43.8) | 6384 (45.7) | <0.001 | 19 356 (42.8) | 8545 (47.8) | <0.001 | 21 089 (40.1) | 6812 (65.2) | <0.001 |
| Age (years) (n=63 047) | |||||||||||||||
| 15–44 | 11 061 (24.8) | 9323 (50.3) | <0.001 | 13 122 (35.4) | 7262 (27.9) | <0.001 | 13 264 (27.0) | 7120 (51.0) | <0.001 | 14 436 (32.0) | 5948 (33.3) | <0.001 | 17 075 (32.5) | 3309 (31.7) | <0.01 |
| 45–54 | 5754 (12.9) | 3169 (17.1) | 4907 (13.2) | 4016 (15.4) | 6577 (13.4) | 2346 (16.8) | 6188 (13.7) | 2735 (15.3) | 7363 (14.0) | 1560 (14.9) | |||||
| 55–64 | 11 125 (25.0) | 3379 (18.2) | 7915 (21.4) | 6589 (25.3) | 12 007 (24.5) | 2497 (17.9) | 10 409 (23.0) | 4095 (22.9) | 12 056 (22.9) | 2448 (23.4) | |||||
| 65–74 | 8930 (20.1) | 1448 (7.8) | 6015 (16.2) | 4363 (16.8) | 9296 (18.9) | 1082 (7.7) | 7799 (17.3) | 2579 (14.4) | 8755 (16.6) | 1623 (15.5) | |||||
| ≧75 | 7647 (17.2) | 1211 (6.5) | 5084 (13.7) | 3774 (14.5) | 7937 (16.2) | 921 (6.6) | 6348 (14.1) | 2510 (14.0) | 7350 (14.0) | 1508 (14.4) | |||||
| Drinking status (n=62 343) | |||||||||||||||
| Once or more per month | 17 711 (40.3) | 10 023 (54.4) | <0.001 | 15 582 (42.6) | 12 152 (47.2) | <0.001 | 21 409 (44.2) | 6325 (45.6) | <0.001 | 19 427 (43.5) | 8307 (47.0) | <0.001 | 21 910 (42.1) | 5824 (56.3) | <0.001 |
| Smoking status (n=61 933) | |||||||||||||||
| Current | 6661 (15.3) | 6741 (36.8) | <0.001 | 7447 (20.5) | 5955 (23.3) | <0.001 | 9247 (19.2) | 4155 (30.1) | <0.001 | 8435 (19.0) | 4967 (28.3) | <0.001 | 9660 (18.7) | 3742 (36.3) | <0.001 |
| Health condition (n=62 009) | |||||||||||||||
| Poor/very poor | 8373 (19.1) | 3174 (17.3) | <0.001 | 6576 (18.1) | 4971 (19.4) | <0.001 | 8849 (18.4) | 2698 (19.6) | <0.001 | 8025 (18.1) | 3522 (20.0) | <0.001 | 9528 (18.5) | 2019 (19.6) | <0.001 |
| History of mental illness (n=61 239) | |||||||||||||||
| Yes | 2370 (5.5) | 1036 (5.8) | 0.10 | 1959 (5.5) | 1447 (5.7) | 0.08 | 2542 (5.3) | 864 (6.4) | <0.001 | 2403 (5.5) | 1003 (5.8) | 0.07 | 2770 (5.4) | 636 (6.3) | <0.01 |
| History of other illness (n=63 047) | |||||||||||||||
| Yes | 44 428 (99.8) | 18 484 (99.8) | 0.14 | 36 954 (99.8) | 25 958 (99.8) | 0.05 | 48 984 (99.8) | 13 928 (99.7) | 0.06 | 45 089 (99.8) | 17 823 (99.8) | 0.16 | 52 487 (99.8) | 10 425 (99.8) | 0.49 |
| Leisure-time physical activity (n=62 150) | |||||||||||||||
| Almost never | 20 960 (47.9) | 12 100 (65.9) | <0.001 | 14 597 (56.8) | 18 463 (50.6) | <0.001 | 23 962 (49.6) | 9098 (65.6) | <0.001 | 22 488 (50.5) | 10 572 (59.9) | <0.001 | 26 734 (51.6) | 6326 (61.3) | <0.001 |
| Sleeping habits (n=52 474) | |||||||||||||||
| Very dissatisfied or have not slept at all | 1502 (4.1) | 752 (4.7) | <0.001 | 1282 (4.2) | 972 (4.5) | <0.01 | 1644 (4.1) | 610 (5.1) | <0.001 | 1512 (4.0) | 742 (5.0) | <0.001 | 1815 (4.1) | 439 (5.1) | <0.001 |
| Educational attainment (n=60 998) | |||||||||||||||
| University/graduate school | 3809 (8.9) | 1648 (9.1) | <0.001 | 3310 (9.2) | 2147 (8.5) | <0.001 | 4076 (8.6) | 1381 (10.2) | <0.001 | 4197 (9.6) | 1260 (7.3) | <0.001 | 4643 (9.1) | 814 (8.1) | <0.001 |
| Experiences of the Great East Japan Earthquake | |||||||||||||||
| Earthquake (n=63 047) | |||||||||||||||
| Yes | 43 040 (96.7) | 17 974 (97.0) | 0.02 | 35 806 (96.7) | 25 208 (96.9) | 0.03 | 47 487 (96.8) | 13 527 (96.9) | 0.28 | 43 737 (96.8) | 17 277 (96.7) | 0.25 | 50 952 (96.9) | 10 062 (96.3) | <0.01 |
| Tsunami (n=63 047) | |||||||||||||||
| Yes | 8762 (19.7) | 3673 (19.8) | 0.35 | 7523 (20.3) | 4912 (18.9) | <0.001 | 9737 (19.8) | 2698 (19.3) | 0.09 | 8985 (19.9) | 3450 (19.7) | 0.05 | 10 368 (19.7) | 2067 (19.8) | 0.44 |
| Nuclear reactor accident (n=63 047) | |||||||||||||||
| Yes | 23 569 (52.9) | 9277 (50.1) | <0.001 | 19 313 (52.1) | 13 533 (52.0) | 0.41 | 25 731 (52.4) | 7115 (50.9) | 0.001 | 23 362 (51.7) | 9484 (53.1) | <0.001 | 27 359 (52.0) | 5487 (52.5) | 0.18 |
| None (n=63 047) | |||||||||||||||
| Yes | 509 (1.1) | 187 (1.0) | 0.08 | 428 (1.2) | 268 (1.0) | 0.08 | 557 (1.1) | 139 (1.0) | 0.09 | 518 (1.1) | 178 (1.0) | 0.06 | 570 (1.1) | 126 (1.2) | 0.15 |
| Living arrangements (n=63 047) | |||||||||||||||
| Evacuation shelter or temporary housing | 4743 (10.7) | 1856 (10.0) | <0.01 | 2664 (10.2) | 3935 (10.6) | 0.70 | 5153 (10.5) | 1446 (10.4) | 0.32 | 4579 (10.1) | 2020 (11.3) | <0.001 | 5441 (10.3) | 1158 (11.1) | 0.01 |
| Changes in work situation (n=60 077) | |||||||||||||||
| Yes | 21 856 (51.9) | 10 262 (57.1) | <0.001 | 18 994 (53.9) | 13 124 (52.9) | <0.01 | 24 406 (52.3) | 7712 (57.3) | <0.001 | 22 826 (53.1) | 9292 (54.5) | <0.001 | 26 755 (53.5) | 5363 (53.4) | 0.46 |
| Loss of employment (n=63 047) | |||||||||||||||
| Yes | 8922 (20.0) | 3780 (20.4) | 0.16 | 7380 (19.9) | 5322 (20.5) | 0.05 | 9691 (19.7) | 3011 (21.6) | <0.001 | 9106 (20.2) | 3596 (20.1) | 0.47 | 10 768 (20.5) | 1934 (18.5) | <0.001 |
| Decreased income (n=63 047) | |||||||||||||||
| Yes | 7562 (17.0) | 3951 (21.3) | <0.001 | 6856 (18.5) | 4657 (17.9) | 0.03 | 8735 (17.8) | 2778 (19.9) | <0.001 | 8075 (17.9) | 3438 (19.2) | <0.001 | 9402 (17.9) | 2111 (20.2) | <0.001 |
| Death of someone close (n=62 081) | |||||||||||||||
| Yes | 8788 (20.1) | 3218 (17.6) | <0.001 | 7198 (19.8) | 4808 (18.7) | 0.001 | 9466 (19.6) | 2540 (18.4) | 0.001 | 8787 (19.8) | 3219 (18.3) | <0.001 | 10 220 (19.7) | 1786 (17.4) | <0.001 |
*Obtained from χ2 test.