Table 3

Sensitivity analysis results

		Sample size	Tests for heterogeneity			Test for overall effect		RR/WWD
Items	Studies	POS/nPOS	I²	p Value*	Analysis model	Z	p Value*	95% CI	Favours
Operative time (min)	10–12^, 14–20^, 23^, 24	704/1323	60%	0.004	Random	1.54	0.12	3.51 (−0.96 to 7.99)	nPOS
Supracostal access	11^, 12^, 16^, 22	319/417	0%	0.86	Fixed	0.86	0.39	0.87 (0.64 to 1.19)	POS
Single tract	10^, 11^, 15^, 17^, 19^, 22^, 24	469/799	0%	0.98	Fixed	0.62	0.54	0.99 (0.95 to 1.03)	nPOS
Requiring multiple tracts	10^, 11^, 15^, 17^, 19^, 22^, 24	469/799	0%	1.00	Fixed	0.62	0.53	1.12 (0.79 to 1.58)	nPOS
Needing metal dilator	8^, 11^, 16	328/418	84%	0.002	Random	1.43	0.15	6.10 (0.51 to 73.33)	nPOS
Fluoroscopic time (min)	17^, 20^, 22^, 24	652/2084	0%	0.66	Fixed	1.00	0.32	−0.14 (−0.41 to 0.13)	nPOS
Haemoglobin drop (g/L)	17^, 18^, 20^, 22^, 24	287/610	30%	0.22	Fixed	5.03	<0.00001	2.03 (1.24 to 2.82)	nPOS
Haemorrhage	8^, 18^, 20^, 22^, 24	239/568	71%	0.008	Random	0.96	0.34	1.59 (0.62 to 4.06)	nPOS
Haemo/hydro/pneumothorax	8^, 11^, 12^, 16–18^, 22	580/814	0%	0.79	Fixed	0.03	0.98	0.99 (0.49 to 2.01)	POS
Blood transfusion	8^, 11^, 12^, 14^, 15^, 17^, 18^, 20^, 22^, 24	619/1173	0%	0.50	Fixed	1.00	0.32	1.20 (0.84 to 1.70)	nPOS
Urinary tract infection	12^, 17^, 18^, 22	224/353	0%	0.84	Fixed	1.72	0.09	1.60 (0.94 to 2.74)	nPOS
Angiographic embolisation	19^, 20	76/296	0%	0.32	Fixed	3.08	0.002	18.88 (2.91 to 122.26)	nPOS
Total complication	10–12^, 14–18^, 22^, 24	628/1027	0%	0.90	Fixed	0.37	0.71	1.04 (0.86,1.25)	nPOS
Hospital stay (d)	11^, 12^, 14–20^, 22^, 24	683/1177	56%	0.01	Random	1.02	0.31	0.09 (−0.08 to 0.25)	nPOS
Secondary procedure	10–12^, 14^, 16^, 19	381/645	55%	0.05	Random	2.57	0.01	1.81 (1.15 to 2.85)	nPOS
Initial SRF	8^, 11^, 12^, 14–18^, 22^, 24	691/1031	0%	0.66	Fixed	0.40	0.69	0.99 (0.95 to 1.03)	nPOS
Final SRF	8^, 10^, 15–17^, 19	373/710	0%	0.65	Fixed	0.57	0.57	1.01 (0.98 to 1.04)	POS

*p Values less than 0.05 were considered statistically significant.
(n)POS, (non-) previous open renal surgery group; RR, relative risk; SFR, stone-free rate; WMD, weighted mean difference.