Table 3

Bivariate analysis of associations with use of traditional medicine for childhood diarrhoea

Characteristic	Exposed	Non-exposed	Adjusted OR	99% CIca	Missing data (%)
Availability of Western healthcare
Children received BCG vaccine*	532/5091	74/299	0.37	0.26 to 0.49	0.7
Education
Household head has postsecondary or higher education*	34/765	567/4550	0.37	0.20 to 0.54	2
Household head has junior high education or higher	281/3217	320/2098	0.55	0.42 to 0.68	2
Household head has any formal education	528/4811	73/504	0.77	0.52 to 1.03	2
Mother/caregiver has postsecondary or higher education	13/317	571/4788	0.44	0.14 to 0.73	5.9
Mother/caregiver has junior high education or higher	267/3085	317/2020	0.53	0.37 to 0.70	5.9
Mother/caregiver has any formal education	529/4777	55/328	0.69	0.38 to 0.99	5.9
Father has postsecondary or higher education	39/831	525/4334	0.40	0.22 to 0.59	4.8
Father has junior high education or higher	320/3622	244/1543	0.53	0.40 to 0.66	4.8
Father has any formal education	528/4893	36/272	0.88	0.50 to 1.25	4.8
Economic conditions
From a household using fuel other than charcoal or wood*	71/1048	539/4345	0.56	0.34 to 0.78	0.6
From a household with a safer water source	186/2095	428/3307	0.69	0.47 to 0.91	0.4
From a household with good quality construction	332/3351	282/2051	0.72	0.51 to 0.93	0.4
Not living in a hard-to-reach community	523/4832	92/593	0.79	0.35 to 1.23	0.0
Living in an urban community	139/1529	476/3896	0.81	0.43 to 1.19	0.0
With enough food last week	452/4091	133/1031	0.88	0.62 to 1.14	5.6
From a household considering their financial situation as above average for the community	370/3394	242/2004	0.92	0.68 to 1.17	0.5
Family relations
Mother not beaten by partner during past pregnancy*	309/3073	158/1070	0.67	0.48 to 0.87	23.7
Mother not beaten by partner in past 12 months	214/2225	253/1922	0.73	0.53 to 0.93	23.6
Mother not verbally abused by partner in past 12 months	115/1232	351/2911	0.78	0.56 to 1.00	23.6
Mother does not report that neighbours were verbally abused	43/497	426/3659	0.82	0.43 to 1.20	23.4
Mother talked frequently with partner about pregnancy and delivery	342/3053	174/1592	1.06	0.79 to 1.33	14.4
Engagement with the modern state
Child has a birth certificate*	189/2539	418/2799	0.48	0.34 to 0.61	1.6
From a community with electricity service	328/3700	246/1524	0.55	0.33 to 0.78	3.7

*Variables included in the initial multivariate model.
CIca, CIs using the method of Miettinen, adjusted for clustering with the method of Lamothe.