Individual-level adjusted model results
| Outcome | Adjusted* intervention effect (95% CI) (difference per patient per month) | Effect size† |
|---|---|---|
| Count (NBREG) model | ||
| Primary outcomes | ||
| Inpatient non-electives | 0.0053 (0.0004 to 0.0102)‡ | 0.02 |
| Inpatient electives | −0.0011 (−0.0092 to 0.0070) | −0.00 |
| Outpatient visits | 0.0399 (−0.0068 to 0.0866) | 0.03 |
| A&E visits | 0.0103 (−0.0001 to 0.0207) | 0.03 |
| ACSCs | 0.0001 (−0.0017 to 0.0020) | 0.00 |
| Re-admissions (30 days) | 0.0041 (0.0018 to 0.0064)‡ | 0.03 |
| Secondary outcomes | ||
| Total cost of secondary care services (£)§ | 8.1687 (−16.0021 to 32.3396) | 0.01 |
| Length of stay (days) | 0.0528 (−0.1094 to 0.2151) | 0.01 |
N=224 898 observations; 4098 individuals (period September 2010–March 2015).
bold: withstands practice×time robustness check.
*Adjusted for age, cumulative multimorbidity, IMD domains (excluding health), and practice and time fixed effects. Marginal effects on PICT×Post reported.
†Standardised mean difference.
‡Significant at p<0.05.
§Zero-inflated negative binomial model based on admission events. A&E, accident and emergency; ACSCs, ambulatory care sensitive conditions; IMD, Index of Multiple Deprivation; NBREG, negative binomial regression.