Patient clinical characteristics and demographics of the study population by ICD-coded algorithm and reference standard definition (n=1001)
| Characteristic | Overall sepsis patients (reference standard) (n=604) | Coded by administrative data definition | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Sepsis | Severe sepsis | ||||
| CIHI (n=285) | Optimised (n=492) | CIHI (n=257) | Optimised (n=395) | ||
| Sex (male), n (%) | 358 (59.3) | 162 (56.8) | 270 (54.9) | 142 (55.3) | 206 (52.2) |
| Age, median (IQR) | 61 (48–74) | 61 (50–74) | 63 (50.5–74) | 62 (50–75) | 64 (52–75) |
| Admitted through ER, n (%) | 462 (76.5) | 226 (79.3) | 382 (77.6) | 202 (78.6) | 310 (78.5) |
| Re-admit, n (%) | 43 (8.6) | 18 (7.7) | 37 (9.1) | 15 (7.1) | 30 (9.5) |
| Immunosuppressed n (%) | 39 (6.5) | 26 (9.1) | 36 (7.3) | 22 (8.6) | 30 (7.6) |
| Charlson comorbidity | |||||
| 0 | 178 (29.5) | 76 (26.7) | 127 (25.8) | 67 (26.1) | 91 (23.0) |
| 1 | 155 (25.7) | 69 (24.2) | 124 (25.2) | 59 (23.0) | 95 (24.0) |
| 2 or more | 271 (44.9) | 140 (49.1) | 241 (49.0) | 131 (51.0) | 209 (52.9) |
| Charlson condition, n (%) | |||||
| Acute myocardial infarction | 56 (9.3) | 26 (9.1) | 45 (9.2) | 26 (10.1) | 41 (10.4) |
| Congestive heart failure | 87 (14.4) | 41 (14.4) | 77 (15.7) | 43 (15.4) | 69 (17.5) |
| Peripheral vascular disease | 38 (6.3) | 22 (7.7) | 32 (6.5) | 20 (7.8) | 30 (7.6) |
| Cerebrovascular disease | 35 (5.8) | 13 (4.6) | 31 (6.3) | 12 (4.7) | 23 (5.8) |
| Dementia | 12 (2.0) | 5 (1.8) | 12 (2.4) | 5 (2.0) | 12 (3.0) |
| COPD | 125 (20.7) | 49 (17.2) | 111 (22.6) | 46 (17.9) | 89 (22.5) |
| Rheumatoid disease | 11 (1.8) | 9 (3.2) | 10 (2.0) | 7 (2.7) | 7 (1.8) |
| Peptic ulcer | 22 (3.6) | 13 (4.6) | 20 (4.1) | 12 (4.7) | 20 (5.1) |
| Mild liver disease | 41 (6.8) | 23 (8.1) | 36 (7.3) | 22 (8.6) | 34 (8.6) |
| Diabetes | 66 (10.9) | 34 (11.9) | 53 (10.8) | 31 (12.1) | 47 (11.9) |
| Diabetes with complications | 113 (18.7) | 63 (22.1) | 102 (20.7) | 60 (23.4) | 91 (23.0) |
| Hemiplegia or paraplegia | 19 (3.2) | 1 (0.4) | 16 (3.3) | 1 (0.4) | 10 (2.5) |
| Renal disease | 37 (6.1) | 27 (9.5) | 38 (7.7) | 25 (9.7) | 35 (8.9) |
| Moderate/severe liver disease | 30 (5.0) | 22 (7.7) | 28 (5.7) | 20 (7.8) | 26 (6.6) |
| Cancer | 67 (11.1) | 37 (13.0) | 53 (10.8) | 33 (12.8) | 45 (11.4) |
| Metastatic cancer | 21 (3.5) | 8 (2.8) | 14 (2.9) | 6 (2.3) | 12 (3.0) |
| AIDS | 2 (0.3) | 2 (0.7) | 2 (0.4) | 2 (0.8) | 2 (0.5) |
| Surgery, n (%) | 221 (36.9) | 95 (33.6) | 170 (35.0) | 80 (31.4) | 124 (31.8) |
| Emergent, n (%)* | 183 (82.8) | 82 (86.3) | 142 (83.5) | 69 (86.3) | 105 (84.7) |
| APACHE II score, mean±SD† | 20.8±8.3 | 22.9±8.8 | 20.9±8.3 | 23.6±8.8 | 22.4±8.3 |
| ‡Admission SOFA score, mean±SD‡ | 6.6±4.5 | 7.5±4.8 | 6.6±4.5 | 7.7±4.8 | 7.0±4.8 |
| Hospital LOS (days) (median (IQR)) | 19 (9–40) | 18 (9–41) | 19.5 (10–44) | 18 (9–42) | 19 (10–44) |
| ICU LOS (days) (median (IQR)) | 5.8 (2.8–10.7) | 5.8 (2.4–11.2) | 5.9 (2.6–11.0) | 5.9 (2.5–11.2) | 6.3 (3.1–11.7) |
| ICU outcome; dead, n (%) | 108 (17.1) | 66 (23.7) | 82 (17.1) | 64 (25.6) | 81 (21.2) |
| Hospital outcome; dead, n (%) | 145 (24.0) | 90 (31.6) | 121 (24.6) | 85 (33.1) | 114 (28.9) |
*Emergent surgery refers to surgery needed within 24–48 h since admission with no prior indication of surgery needed before the present admission.
†APACHE II score recorded within the first 24 h of admission by physician.
‡Admission SOFA score—the maximum score recorded within the first 24 h of admission to the ICU.
APACHE, acute physiology and chronic health evaluation; CIHI, the Canadian Institute for Health Information; COPD, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; ER, emergency room; ICD, International Classification of Disease; ICU, intensive care unit; LOS, length of stay; SOFA, sequential organ dysfunction assessment.