Table 1

Baseline characteristics of children who underwent objective refraction assessment stratified by cycloplegic eye drop treatment

C+C*C+T†p Value
n (%)meann (%)mean
Total408 (44.7)504
Age in years4087.6±3.15047.6±3.1p=0.997‡
Sex408504p=0.85§
 Male207 (50.7)260 (51.6)
 Female201 (49.3)244 (48.4)
BMI408504p=0.50¶
 Low BMI18 (4.4)29 (5.8)
 Normal BMI292 (71.6)366 (72.6)
 High BMI98 (24)109 (21.6)
Ethnicity408504p=0.95¶
 Moroccan81 (19.9)107 (21.2)
 Turkish71 (17.4)86 (17.1)
 Indian subcontinent68 (16.7)73 (14.5)
 Dutch110 (27.0)137 (27.2)
 Chinese9 (2.0)12 (2.4)
 Black West-African29 (7.1)34 (6.7)
 Other41 (10.0)55 (10.9)
Age category (years)408504p=0.92¶
 3–6163 (40.0)200 (39.7)
 7–10158 (38.7)191 (37.9)
 11–1487 (21.3)113 (22.4)
  • *C+C: Two drops of cyclopentolate 1%.

  • †C+T: One drop of cyclopentolate 1% followed by one drop of tropicamide 1%.

  • ‡Independent Samples t test.

  • §χ2 test with Yates Continuity Correction.

  • ¶χ2 test.

  • BMI, body mass index.