Comparison of baseline characteristics, management and outcomes of acute coronary syndrome patients in developed and developing countries
| NRMI | Expanded GRACE | EHS 2 | PL-ACS | Portuguese Registry of ACS | PACIFIC | CREATE | SPACE | ACCESS | GULF-RACE2 | IPACE2 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Sampling Period | 1990–2006 | 2001–2007 | 2004 | 2003–2006 | 2002–2008 | 2008–2009 | 2002–2005 | 2005–2007 | 2007–2008 | 2008–2009 | 2011–2012 |
| Source of data | USA | Multinational | Europe and mediterranean basin | Poland | Portugal | Japan | India | Saudi Arabia | Developing countries | Gulf countries | Iran |
| Patients, n | 2 515 106 | 31 982 | 6385 | 100 193 | 22 482 | 3597 | 31 982 | 5055 | 12 068 | 7930 | 1799 |
| Mean age, years | 65 | 65 | 64 | 65 | 66 | 67 | 57 | 58 | 59 | 56 | 60 |
| Male, % | 58 | NA | 70 | 60 | 70 | 77 | 76 | 77 | 73 | 79 | 65 |
| Current smoking, % | 24 | NA | 37 | 27 | 24 | NS | 28 | 33 | 40 | 36 | 29 |
| DM, % | 29 | 26 | 24 | 23 | 27 | 35 | 30 | 58 | 24 | 39 | 31 |
| STEMI, % | 47 | 30 | 47 | 31 | 45 | 59 | 61 | 41.5 | 46 | 46 | 26 |
| UA/NSTEMI, % | 53 | 70 | 53 | 69 | 55 | 41 | 39 | 58.5 | 54 | 54 | 74 |
| Symptom onset to hospital arrival time, (min)* | 96 | 133 | 145 | 260 | 177 | NA | 300 | 150 | 240 | 176 | 160 |
| Door-to-needle time, (min)* | 29 | 32 | 37 | 25 | 60 | NA | 50 | 52 | NA | 39 | 30 |
| Door-to-balloon time, (min)* | 79 | 110 | 70 | 50 | 96 | NA | NA | NA | NA | 87 | 53 |
| Thrombolytic therapy, % | 28 | 33 | 41 | 9.3 | 44 | NA | 58.5 | 69.1 | 39 | 66 | 46 |
| Primary PCI, % | 43 | 16 | 58 | 54 | 19 | 63 | 8 | 17.5 | 22 | 22.3 | 17 |
| Coronary angiography†, % | 78 | 70 | 66 | 39 | 61 | 96 | 23 | 67 | 58 | 32 | 68 |
| 30-day mortality, % | NA | NA | 6.4/3.4 | NA | NA | NA | 8.6/3.8 | NA | 5/2.4 | 9.9/5 | 2.5/1.0 |
| 1-year mortality, % | NA | NA | 7.5 | NA | NA | 3/2.2 | NA | NA | 8.4/6.3 | 11.5/7.7 | 5.2/3.9 |
*Times in patients with STEMI.
†During index hospitalisation.
CREATE, treatment and outcomes of acute coronary syndromes in India; DM, diabetes mellitus; EHS2, European heart survey II; GRACE, global registry of acute coronary events; GULF-RACE2, gulf registry of acute coronary events-phase 2; IPACE2, Iranian Project for Assessment of Coronary Events 2; NA, not available; NRMI, national registry of myocardial infarction; NS, not significant; PACIFIC, prevention of atherothrombotic incidents following ischemic coronary attack; PCI, percutaneous coronary intervention; PL-ACS, Polish Registry of Acute Coronary Syndromes; SPACE, Saudi project for assessment of coronary events; STEMI, ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction; UA/NSTEMI, unstable angina/non-ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction.